Until now, I was used to compile a Linux kernel starting with the compressed packets on kernel.org .
Now, I would like to use a kernel yet configured for Debian (amd64) and so I downloaded by debian.org the packets named
and
(the second depends from the first)

Now, is the second the code of kernel contains a sort of "indications" about the configuration for an amd64 pc?
And if this is code, how can i compile it?
If I type "make" (in the folder created after installation of that packet), but I receive an error.

I know that it would be simpler to install a kernel using apt, but i would like to learn how debian works.

Thank you in advance.

Those are binary packages for headers only, compiling a kernel is a bit more involved than that - if you know how to compile a kernel from kernel.org then I'll skip a lot of the details.

Try (NOT as root):

This should give you a linux-image-2.6.39-2-amd64 directory full of the debian kernel source.

Then follow this superb guide to build your kernel and headers packages the debian way: http://www.debianuserforums.org/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=101

Thank you.
Now all is clear.