VirtualBox supports "drag and drop"
only if corresponding support software –
Guest Additions – is also installed upon the
guest. (And then, if you thereafter enable it in VirtualBox preferences for this particular virtual machine.)
The above-hyperlinked documentation section discusses these matters in exhaustive detail.
"Simply do what they say to do, and it will thereafter work just fine."
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As others have already said, "TeamViewer" has nothing to do with Linux.