Since you've chosen to pose a software question about a hardware standard, the answer is 'Yes, and No'. Since RS-422 is a multidrop protocol, there is very often a software level protocol added to determine which node is allowed to talk at any instant. Also, there is probably some need to deal with addressing, so node-specific data can be directed to specific nodes.
In Linux, it is quite likely that the standard termios API and UART drivers will work with a RS-422 interface. It depends on the hardware implementation, which almost always uses RS-232 compatible UARTs.
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