Yes, you need to do some research. But, really, it's easy. (Start here:
http://www.midi.org.)
"MIDI" is a standardized way for musical instruments to talk to one another. It was invented in the 80's when the electronics that we then had available couldn't do much, but it was cleverly and thoughtfully designed. For instance, opto-isolators were specified, so that stray currents in a studio wouldn't fry equipment, and microphone patch-cables were used because every studio had that kind of cable running through the walls. The messages, too, were very simple: they were single bytes, and the leftmost-bit always marked the start of a new message. It was therefore easy to implement.
"GM = General MIDI" is simply an agreed-upon standard set of musical instrument "patches" that everyone could agree-on, and it was a reasonably diverse set of sounds. Therefore, any piece of electronic music that requested "instrument #14" would hope to get some kind of xylophone sound, and so on. No promises were ever made as to what sort of xylophone-sound it might be, nor that you might not in fact get something else. (Remember, "samplers" would not come along until much later, because for many years that kind of memory-capacity couldn't be had, and disks were "floppy, small and slow." Okay, okay, that's what you've got, so that's what you use.)
Similar standards were then cooked-up for, say, drum sequences. There are many different drums and other noise-makers in a "kit," and there is once again an agreed-upon mapping of "note numbers" to "sounds," so that a MIDI-file has at least some reasonable chance of actually sounding as the composer intended.
Naturally, there are many more options available today. Stages are usually filled with CAT-5 cables and routers today; even Bluetooth. But MIDI is still a standard that is still widely used. (Sometimes, carrying MIDI data on network transports.)
There are plenty of sequencer and so-called "Digital Audio Workstation (DAW)" programs available for making music with your computer, such as Apple's GarageBand program, which comes with every Mac these days, or its big-brother (and my personal "axe"), Logic Pro. But there are many, many more. There are
very active open-source projects which produce top-quality software of every description. (Including, for example, "
MuseScore," which is a
free music-scoring program that does
everything I could ever have wanted such a program to do. Rosegarden is
certainly another top-flight contender.
You have a
very powerful and well-built "music box" on your hands. Learn to use it, and use it well. (Plan on spending many delightful
years in this pursuit ...) We musicians have never, in thousands of years,
ever had such music-making capability as we do now. Nor have we ever had such options for commercial sales of our work. "Welcome to the obsession."