LinuxQuestions.org
Visit Jeremy's Blog.
Go Back   LinuxQuestions.org > Forums > Linux Forums > Linux - Distributions > Slackware > Slackware - Installation
User Name
Password
Slackware - Installation This forum is for the discussion of installation issues with Slackware.

Notices


Reply
  Search this Thread
Old 02-25-2018, 08:42 PM   #1
lansoar
LQ Newbie
 
Registered: Feb 2018
Location: earth
Distribution: multi distro
Posts: 20

Rep: Reputation: Disabled
Slackware 14.2 install. no Network interfaces detected/loaded


Hello,

Linux novice user. I have a Dell Latitude E7480 with following network devices:

Ethernet: Intel I219-LM
Wifi: Intel AC8265
Bluetooth: 8265

I have four other Distros booting off this laptop and in most cases, ethernet and wifi hardware were installed successfully on initial build.

With Debian, there was no firmware to be loaded for the wifi after installation. I resolved by downloading iwlwifi-8265-ucode-22.361476.0 to /lib/firmware.

I repeated this procedure for slackware after install and noted that the /lib/firmware folder has numerous firmware files including multiple iwlwifi files already.

However in the case of slackware, this is the first experience where I have brought up interfaces via IP LINK and only found the loopback address configured in Slackware. No ethernet or wifi. (I used the full 6.5 gig install)

Ip link

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
bash-4.3#




lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Sky Lake Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 08)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Sky Lake Integrated Graphics (rev 07)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 1903 (rev 08)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d2f (rev 21)
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d31 (rev 21)
00:15.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d60 (rev 21)
00:15.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d61 (rev 21)
00:15.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d62 (rev 21)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d3a (rev 21)
00:16.3 Serial controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d3d (rev 21)
00:17.0 RAID bus controller: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile SATA Controller [RAID mode] (rev 21)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9d10 (rev f1)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9d12 (rev f1)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9d14 (rev f1)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Device 9d48 (rev 21)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d21 (rev 21)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Device 9d70 (rev 21)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Device 9d23 (rev 21)
00:1f.6 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Device 15d7 (rev 21)
01:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device 525a (rev 01)
02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Device 24fd (rev 78)


I noted after running dmsg that there were no iwlwifi messages about loading firmware for the wifi.

I'm at a loss so far as the Manual in my readings thus far has assumed that firmware modules for the network devices are detected and installed, but in my case there seems to be no detection of the hardware at all outside of lspci identifying generic Intel devices.

Any help appreciated.
 
Old 02-25-2018, 08:47 PM   #2
bassmadrigal
LQ Guru
 
Registered: Nov 2003
Location: West Jordan, UT, USA
Distribution: Slackware
Posts: 8,792

Rep: Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656
Based on your lspci output, you have a pretty new system and 14.2 is old enough that it doesn't recognize all the hardware (since it lists many device IDs without the proper names). Even though -current is a development version for the next stable release, that might be a better option to get things working properly.

Alternatively, you could also install a newer kernel and it might resolve your problems.
 
2 members found this post helpful.
Old 02-25-2018, 09:03 PM   #3
lansoar
LQ Newbie
 
Registered: Feb 2018
Location: earth
Distribution: multi distro
Posts: 20

Original Poster
Rep: Reputation: Disabled
Hi,

Thx for the quick response. I was under the impression that 14.2 was the newest ISO for Slackware Linux.


https://mirrors.slackware.com/slackware/slackware-iso/
 
Old 02-25-2018, 09:12 PM   #4
frankbell
LQ Guru
 
Registered: Jan 2006
Location: Virginia, USA
Distribution: Slackware, Ubuntu MATE, Mageia, and whatever VMs I happen to be playing with
Posts: 19,272
Blog Entries: 28

Rep: Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123Reputation: 6123
14.2 is the latest stable release, but it is a couple of years old. There's stuff in --Current being tested for the next Slackware release that will not be ported to 14.2.

Have you tested with a wired ethernet connection or just with wireless? If not, test with a wired connection and let us know what happens.

Last edited by frankbell; 02-25-2018 at 09:13 PM.
 
1 members found this post helpful.
Old 02-25-2018, 09:33 PM   #5
abga
Senior Member
 
Registered: Jul 2017
Location: EU
Distribution: Slackware
Posts: 1,634

Rep: Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929
Quote:
Originally Posted by lansoar View Post
Hi,

Thx for the quick response. I was under the impression that 14.2 was the newest ISO for Slackware Linux.


https://mirrors.slackware.com/slackware/slackware-iso/
Slackware 14.2 is the stable and more conservative version of Slackware and has an older kernel. Even if you update your Slackware 14.2 installation, you'll still get the 4.4.X branch (4.4.115).
ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/slackware/s.../ChangeLog.txt

Your Intel Wifi Adapter was apparently introduced upstream in the 4.6+ branch:
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us...etworking.html
Intel® Dual Band Wireless-AC 8265 4.6+ iwlwifi-8265-ucode-22.361476.0.tgz

bassmadrigal advised you to either get a new kernel on your actual Slackware 14.2 or move to Slackware -current in order to get your rather new hardware working. These are your only options ATM.
Slackware -current has already the kernel 4.14.21 in the updates:
ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/slackware/s.../ChangeLog.txt

Last edited by abga; 02-25-2018 at 09:49 PM. Reason: typo Ethernet instead of WiFi
 
1 members found this post helpful.
Old 02-25-2018, 09:47 PM   #6
abga
Senior Member
 
Registered: Jul 2017
Location: EU
Distribution: Slackware
Posts: 1,634

Rep: Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929
@lansoar

As for your Intel I219-LM Ethernet card, the kernel provided drivers ( e1000e ) seem to have been buggy until the kernel release 4.15-rc8
https://forum.manjaro.org/t/intel-et...-working/37216

Intel provides you with a huge driver pack that includes the driver for your I219-LM Ethernet card:
https://downloadcenter.intel.com/dow...?product=82185
and an interesting support thread:
https://communities.intel.com/thread/109064

Last edited by abga; 02-25-2018 at 10:12 PM. Reason: typo: r key got stuck & I'm tired
 
1 members found this post helpful.
Old 02-26-2018, 08:15 PM   #7
lansoar
LQ Newbie
 
Registered: Feb 2018
Location: earth
Distribution: multi distro
Posts: 20

Original Poster
Rep: Reputation: Disabled
Quote:
Originally Posted by abga View Post
bassmadrigal advised you to either get a new kernel on your actual Slackware 14.2 or move to Slackware -current in order to get your rather new hardware working. These are your only options ATM.
Slackware -current has already the kernel 4.14.21 in the updates:
ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/slackware/s.../ChangeLog.txt
Thanks for all the responses. I would like to try out the slackware64-current option given this Dell is so new. Newbie issue though. I've gone to several mirrors and it appears i have to create the ISO vs. download and burn to USB drive. I tried following the instructions in the README.TXT
(ftp://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/slackware/s...nux/README.TXT)

i'm getting errors using xorriso. Most likely because I've not done this before and am not customizing the commands to enter. Is there a guide on how to create an ISO from an FTP mirror? Tried searching but what i found didn't seem to fit my need.

Thx
 
Old 02-26-2018, 09:47 PM   #8
bassmadrigal
LQ Guru
 
Registered: Nov 2003
Location: West Jordan, UT, USA
Distribution: Slackware
Posts: 8,792

Rep: Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656
Eric Hameleer's (aka Alien Bob) actually hosts pre-built -current ISOs on his mirror. They are created using his mirror-slackware-current.sh script.

http://bear.alienbase.nl/mirrors/sla...4-current-iso/
 
1 members found this post helpful.
Old 02-28-2018, 08:53 PM   #9
lansoar
LQ Newbie
 
Registered: Feb 2018
Location: earth
Distribution: multi distro
Posts: 20

Original Poster
Rep: Reputation: Disabled
Thx again. ISO successfully burned.

Slackware-Current64 installed. Has solved the initial problem of detecting devices.

Code:
ip link


: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether a4:4c:c8:74:80:46 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlan0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN mode DORMANT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 60:f6:77:af:b8:5b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

Code:
lspci

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers (rev 08)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 520 (rev 07)
00:04.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Thermal Subsystem (rev 08)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP USB 3.0 xHCI Controller (rev 21)
00:14.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Thermal subsystem (rev 21)
00:15.0 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #0 (rev 21)
00:15.1 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #1 (rev 21)
00:15.2 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP Serial IO I2C Controller #2 (rev 21)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP CSME HECI #1 (rev 21)
00:16.3 Serial controller: Intel Corporation Device 9d3d (rev 21)
00:17.0 RAID bus controller: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile SATA Controller [RAID mode] (rev 21)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #1 (rev f1)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #3 (rev f1)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PCI Express Root Port #5 (rev f1)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP LPC Controller (rev 21)
00:1f.2 Memory controller: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP PMC (rev 21)
00:1f.3 Audio device: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP HD Audio (rev 21)
00:1f.4 SMBus: Intel Corporation Sunrise Point-LP SMBus (rev 21)
00:1f.6 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection (4) I219-LM (rev 21)
01:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS525A PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)
02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 8265 / 8275 (rev 78)
New problem however. After starting the KDE GUI, NetworkManager, which i chose during installation shows available wifi networks. I choose the network to connect and get KDEwallet and ESSID password. I enter the password and the window prompts disappear but the wifi notification symbol in the task bar retains the ? symbol over the wifi graphic. Hovering the mouse over it gets a message "Network Manager not running"

I followed the instructions on the Slack wiki to enable NM on boot. command is accepted in Terminal but after reboot, no change. Initially, NM appears to be running but after entering the wifi password for the network i wish to join, nothing happens and the wifi graphic in the task bar indicates that NM is not running. (prior it would just say "disconnected") I tried to start the service via Terminal but neither service nor systemctl commands are recognized.

iw and wpa_supplicant commands are recognized. I tried to join via that method but received errors.

any suggestions?

Last edited by lansoar; 03-01-2018 at 07:42 PM.
 
Old 02-28-2018, 09:27 PM   #10
abga
Senior Member
 
Registered: Jul 2017
Location: EU
Distribution: Slackware
Posts: 1,634

Rep: Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929
@lansoar

Glad you finally made it! I was concerned about your Ethernet Adapter not working even with the new kernel under Slackware -current.

I'm afraid I cannot help you with NetworkManager, but for a temporary fix I would advise you to follow this post for the manual WiFi configuration:
https://www.linuxquestions.org/quest...ml#post5802633
- use only the ip commands and disregard the ifconfig ones - I wrote both just for reference
EDIT>
- use your network specific IP addresses instead of the ones in the post!
- and you might need (don't think so) to modify the line:
/usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -D nl80211 -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
to
/usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -D wext -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
according to your driver.

Last edited by abga; 02-28-2018 at 09:28 PM. Reason: forgot a bullet
 
1 members found this post helpful.
Old 02-28-2018, 10:19 PM   #11
bassmadrigal
LQ Guru
 
Registered: Nov 2003
Location: West Jordan, UT, USA
Distribution: Slackware
Posts: 8,792

Rep: Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656
Quote:
Originally Posted by lansoar View Post
New problem however. After starting the KDE GUI, NetworkManager, which i chose during installation shows available wifi networks. I choose the network to connect and get KDEwallet and ESSID password. I enter the password and the window prompts disappear but the wifi notification symbol in the task bar retains the ? symbol over the wifi graphic. Hovering the mouse over it gets a message "Network Manager not running"

I followed the instructions on the Slack wiki to enable NM on boot. command is accepted in Terminal but after reboot, no change. Initially, NM appears to be running but after entering the wifi password for the network i wish to join, nothing happens and the wifi graphic in the task bar indicates that NM is not running. (prior it would just say "disconnected") I tried to start the service via Terminal but neither service nor systemctl commands are recognized.

iw and wpa_supplicant commands are recognized. I tried to join via that method but received errors.

any suggestions?
I'm going to caveat this by saying I don't use Network Manager...

First, we should make sure /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager is executable. If it isn't, it won't start during bootup. The easiest way to do that is running ls -l on it.

Code:
ls -l /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager
It should have an output like the following. Note the red Xs. If yours has that, then it's executable. If not, you'll want to run chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager to make it executable.

Code:
jbhansen@craven-moorhead:~$ ls -l /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2674 Oct 28 00:25 /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager
Once it is executable, we should check to make sure it's running:

Code:
/etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager status
If it states it isn't running, change status to start and run the command again. Then check the status again and hopefully it reads:

Code:
NetworkManager is currently running
From there, hopefully the gui icon will work properly, but if it doesn't, we can address that. If it doesn't work, can you please provide the output of the following commands?

Code:
/etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager status
ps -ef | grep Network
iwconfig
Also, it will help the readability of your posts if you put console output within [code][/code] tags.
 
1 members found this post helpful.
Old 03-01-2018, 07:46 PM   #12
lansoar
LQ Newbie
 
Registered: Feb 2018
Location: earth
Distribution: multi distro
Posts: 20

Original Poster
Rep: Reputation: Disabled
Quote:
Originally Posted by abga View Post
@lansoar

Glad you finally made it! I was concerned about your Ethernet Adapter not working even with the new kernel under Slackware -current.

I'm afraid I cannot help you with NetworkManager, but for a temporary fix I would advise you to follow this post for the manual WiFi configuration:
https://www.linuxquestions.org/quest...ml#post5802633
- use only the ip commands and disregard the ifconfig ones - I wrote both just for reference
EDIT>
- use your network specific IP addresses instead of the ones in the post!
- and you might need (don't think so) to modify the line:
/usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -D nl80211 -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
to
/usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -D wext -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
according to your driver.
Thx for this.

I re-traced my manual connection steps using wpa_supplicant

This is what i get after running the last command:

Code:
bash-4.4# wpa_supplicant -B -D wext -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
wlan0 remains UP but shows not connected to any network.

Thx
 
Old 03-01-2018, 07:52 PM   #13
lansoar
LQ Newbie
 
Registered: Feb 2018
Location: earth
Distribution: multi distro
Posts: 20

Original Poster
Rep: Reputation: Disabled
Quote:
Originally Posted by bassmadrigal View Post

From there, hopefully the gui icon will work properly, but if it doesn't, we can address that. If it doesn't work, can you please provide the output of the following commands?

Code:
/etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager status
ps -ef | grep Network
iwconfig
Also, it will help the readability of your posts if you put console output within [code][/code] tags.
Thx.

NM still failed as previously described. The status commands on run on bootup and current status after boot confirmed NM service was up and running.

Code:
bash-4.4# ls -l /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2674 Feb 11 20:08 /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager
bash-4.4# /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager status
NetworkManager is currently running
After selecting the desired WiFi network via the GUI interface and it's fail:

Code:
bash-4.4# /etc/rc.d/rc.networkmanager status
NetworkManager is not running.
bash-4.4# ps -ef | grep Network
root      1825  1736  0 09:31 pts/0    00:00:00 grep Network
bash-4.4# iwconfig
wlan0     IEEE 802.11  ESSID:off/any  
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:5.22 GHz  Access Point: Not-Associated   
          Tx-Power=22 dBm   
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Encryption key:off
          Power Management:on
          
eth0      no wireless extensions.

lo        no wireless extensions.
 
Old 03-01-2018, 08:33 PM   #14
bassmadrigal
LQ Guru
 
Registered: Nov 2003
Location: West Jordan, UT, USA
Distribution: Slackware
Posts: 8,792

Rep: Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656Reputation: 6656
Well, there seems to be a disconnect there, because in the first command, it shows it's running, but in the second series of commands, it isn't running.

I would try opening up a new command prompt that you can monitor and then, as root, run the following. It will prevent Network Manager from running as a daemon and should print messages to the console. This will help aid in any troubleshooting if it's exiting prematurely.

Code:
NetworkManager -d
Once you have it running in that console, try and use the GUI again and see what happens.
 
1 members found this post helpful.
Old 03-01-2018, 09:27 PM   #15
abga
Senior Member
 
Registered: Jul 2017
Location: EU
Distribution: Slackware
Posts: 1,634

Rep: Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929Reputation: 929
Quote:
Originally Posted by lansoar View Post
Thx for this.

I re-traced my manual connection steps using wpa_supplicant

This is what i get after running the last command:

Code:
bash-4.4# wpa_supplicant -B -D wext -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
Successfully initialized wpa_supplicant
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
ioctl[SIOCSIWENCODEEXT]: Invalid argument
wlan0 remains UP but shows not connected to any network.

Thx
wext has been replaced by nl80211 & cfg80211 & mac80211, but still kept for compatibility (not sure if it's still enabled in the Slackware -current kernel). I advised you to use:
Code:
/usr/sbin/wpa_supplicant -B -D nl80211 -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
and only substitute that with wext if it's failing.

Note that in my instructions I'm appending the /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf with:
Code:
/usr/sbin/wpa_passphrase ESSID PASSWORD | tee -a /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
If you have some garbage there, left by your previous WiFi configuration tries, please clean the file /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf and leave only these two lines in the header before issuing the command from above:
Code:
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
ctrl_interface_group=root
 
1 members found this post helpful.
  


Reply


Thread Tools Search this Thread
Search this Thread:

Advanced Search

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is Off
HTML code is Off



Similar Threads
Thread Thread Starter Forum Replies Last Post
[SOLVED] Order of network interfaces in Slackware 14.2 FlinchX Slackware 2 11-21-2017 08:23 AM
[SOLVED] Cannot get network interfaces up in Slackware 14.1 (32b) Xiano Slackware 18 08-21-2014 07:49 PM
Two network interfaces on Slackware djake Linux - Networking 4 06-29-2008 04:04 PM
[CentOS] Problem with mrtg. No valid network interfaces detected. WojtekO Linux - Networking 1 05-22-2006 01:34 PM
Wireless woes - acx100 module loaded, card detected in harddrake no network device brownb2 Mandriva 1 01-02-2005 05:02 PM

LinuxQuestions.org > Forums > Linux Forums > Linux - Distributions > Slackware > Slackware - Installation

All times are GMT -5. The time now is 06:23 AM.

Main Menu
Advertisement
My LQ
Write for LQ
LinuxQuestions.org is looking for people interested in writing Editorials, Articles, Reviews, and more. If you'd like to contribute content, let us know.
Main Menu
Syndicate
RSS1  Latest Threads
RSS1  LQ News
Twitter: @linuxquestions
Open Source Consulting | Domain Registration