Should I put the swap partition at the beginning or the end of the drive?
 

I did a search, but I didn't find the answer. Where do I get better performance? Putting my swap at the beginning of the drive or the end of it? I've installed Linux soooo many times and never bothered to ask. I just put an 80GB hard drive into my Sony PCG-F180 and even though the hard drive is 5400 RPM, I need more speed (it's a PII333, 192mb RAM....every little but helps)

P.S. I'm installing slack 10.2

I have always read to put it on the beginning of the drive, the first partition that you can. I always set up my /boot partition first then my swap space right after. If you think about it the inside of the drive can be read faster than the outside part. That is what I have read anyway. I know there is a difference on the old audio records too.

I have never tested this myself though, this is just what I have always read. I don't know if you can test it either. :scratch:

That help any?

:D :D :D :D

I just did some experimenting with dd. It seems that I get better read response from the end of my Western Digital. This isn't what I would expect. There may be other factors involved here. It would probably be much more objective if I didn't have linux running on the drive.

Bear in mind also, that all new hard drives lie about their geometry. Any given sector that you specify can physically be anywhere on the drive. Some will silently replace tracks with bad sectors for spare ones.

That is very true. Maybe a test for the drive you plan to use would be best. That way you can know what that specific drive will do instead of just assuming what it will do. Taking that info in mind, I bet even two drives of the same exact model would differ in speed depending on the where any bad tracks may be at.

I have 1GB of ram so I rarely use swap. I have no clue how fast it would be or how to test it. It is the second partition on mine though. I used the swapiness thing to make it not use to much swap too. I can't remember where I put that. It's in /etc somewhere.

Well, I just came back fom town. They are saying gas may go up again so I went and filled up my tanks, again. It is $2.54 a gallon here. It was $3.55 a few weeks ago. Greedy oil companies. :mad:

Later

:D :D :D :D

Re: Should I put the swap partition at the beginning or the end of the drive?
 

Where to place your swap partition depends in the first place on how many disks you have.

The most important thing you have to bear in mind is that the harddisks have to move the heads and this costs time.

The plates (there more than one to conform what we know as a 'hard disk') spin faster on the border as in the middle. But having only one disk the key bottleneck is not this speed difference but the time lost in moving the heads form one part of the disk to the other. What we need to search is a way to minimize head movement placing the swap partition in a proper place.

If we have two or more disks the obvious place are the first sectors of the disk taking also advantage of paralelization, so one head on one disk can always be there writing into the swap while the other on the other disk is reading or writing somewhere else.

But this advantages disappear if we only have one disk. then the approach is radically different:
With a single disk we need to minimize the travel time of the heads as much as we can. And we can achieve this using the middle of the HD as a swap partiion. This way there will always be a header near and the time spent for a head coming from either the border or the center is only half as much as if you place it at the beginning or the end.

Placing a swap aprtition at the end of a disk is always a bad idea as you won't get the advantage of the reduced travel time of the heads and you will also get an extra penalty in speed and block density.

So the thumbrule is:

• One HD swap in the middle
• Multiple Hardisks swap in the first sectors

This can improve the speed of disk transaction on systems which makes a heavy use of swapping; old systems with less than 64MB of (slow)RAM... In more or less modern systems swap space is almost a relic from the past which we use more as a tradition. So on one of my machines (Duron 1.3 GHz, 758RAM DDR 333, 2xSeagate ATA100 40GB HD's) I never have used more than a 1%-4% of my 0.5GB of swap space. As you see there not much use in faster disk access when we aren't indeed
using this space at all.

So if you have plenty of RAM (this means more than 128MB) using an alternative solution could be the right solution. This alternative is to use the dynamic swapping daemon instead of a fixed swap partion, the swapd. This daemon takes care of using the part of the disk which fits best to it's needs to place temprorary swap files, so you don't have to bother about where to place them. Drawback is that you have to recompile the kernel.

So, swap partitions make only sense in old low-ram systems and in laptops where the swap partition is used as susend-to-disk storage.

More info:

• http://www.ranish.com/part/primer.htm (read the end of the explanation)
• http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/Multi-Disk-HOWTO.html#toc3 Multi disk system tuning, perhaps not exactly what you asked for, but it can give you some useful hints.

Re: Re: Should I put the swap partition at the beginning or the end of the drive?
 

Didn't know about this option. I don't mind recompiling te kernel so I'm sure to test it out. No partition taken up by swap is a good thing!

Thanx

If you feel the need for speed, don't forget that you can also get more
from your drives if you'll enable DMA using hdparm. Otherwise, short of
buying more ram, with that lappy there's not much difference you're going
to get no matter where the swap is located.

swappiness is in /proc/sys/vm/swappiness, you can set it permanently by editing /etc/sysctl.conf, and adding something like:
or whatever you like.

In the UK we are paying about £1 a litre. Which I think works out about $7 a gallon.

As to swap speed, get it on a second drive if you can. Try to put it on a different bus to, so a harddrive on a different IDE cable if possible.

Swap partition placement
 

A really good discussion.

I help a lot of people set up dual booting, & if possible I like following in a 1 drive situation:

• hda1: /boot
• hda2: Winders (blech!)
• hda3: swap
• hda5: FAT32 -- Common data
• hda6: GNU/Linux

Dual boot w/ 2 drives -- put it on the <choke>Winders</choke> drive.


I was given an ancient (full height) 3G SCSI & I have always wondered if it would be of any use for swap. I suspect it's so old that it isn't very fast by modern standards.

Zoned Bit Recording explain partly the why of outer use of HD for swap
 

excellent thread!
more sectors on the outer tracks of the hard drive platter than on the inner tracks
see picture and details about Zoned Bit Recording
http://www.pcguide.com/ref/hdd/geom/tracksZBR-c.html

So basically the answer to my question is.... Put the swap at the beginning of the drive. ?

no the answer depends on
- how many drives
- what you (the applications) do with the HD
I have no data, just wanted to bring the info to light.

swappiness is still very important AFAIK

this is still relevant
Well, at the end of the day how do you know where the firmware put you partition on the physical disk?

Anyway I am no specialist of the question

Nope - the real answer is that with modern hardware and kernels it's pointless worrying about it.
If you are swapping that hard, dedicate disks (and paths) solely to swap devices.

If that can't handle it (say you're doing cyclone simulations for NASA), get PCI memory cards and use them.

As I said in the top post, it is a single drive Laptop with a 5400RPM 80GB Hard drive. So putting it on a second drive is not an option, and with only 192MB ram, I don't think going without a swap is an option either.

Stick it wherever you have room - minimum half a gig. Full gig is better.
The kswapd code allocates by segments, and tries to use a segment that "best fits" what you are trying to swap-out. Swap-outs are also delayed (like normal I/O) in an attempt to aggregate the physical I/O.

Swap-ins are more "on demand", but are optimised where possible.
With the other I/O that will also be hitting that disk, just let the VFS layer handle it. It'll be a lot better than any of us will ever be at trying to second guess it.