This should do it, note there's no #!/bin/bash on purpose
Change /usr/bin/evolution-1.4 for whatever the full path is to start evolution/version on your system,
Code:
if ! /sbin/pidof /usr/bin/evolution-1.4
then
/usr/bin/evolution-1.4
fi
Just create and launcher on your desktop to run whatever file you saved the above in, or edit what currently starts evolution
Second thoughts only works if you start it as a desktop launcer (talking gnome here) and not properly if you alter the menu item, but it's a start