According to
this, mixer.getvolume() is returning a percent. Presumably this is as a percent of the maximum possible volume, giving it a 0 to 100 scale.
Running alsamixer, it also gives me a percent on a 0 to 100 scale.
So it seems like the two must be using a different maximum volume to base their percents off of.
I suggest experimenting with setting the volume to different levels and seeing what each reports, so you can work out a conversion.
Assuming 0 in alsamixer is also 0 in mixer.getvolume() then your conversion formula would be that every 1% in alsamixer is equal to 1.35% in mixer.getvolume(). To put that in formulas, mixer.getvolume() = 1.35*alsamixer, or alsamixer = mixer.getvolume()/1.35. You can test this by checking to see if 50 in alsamixer is equal to 67 or 68 in mixer.getvolume().