You dont mention what is the actual caracter in between the numbers. So if it just a space you could do:
cat my_data_file.txt | cut -d ' ' -f "2 4 6 8 10" | sed "s/ /\n/g"
if it can have more than one space or tabs you could do:
cat my_data_file.txt | tr "\t" " " | tr -s " " | cut -d ' ' -f "2 4 6 8 10" | sed "s/ /\n/g"
In both case you get just a column with the realnumbers.
I hope this is useful, and it does what you need