If I understand the question (and I understand it differently from chrism01!) then, yes, a script can take values from a file. The easiest way is to create a file which is a snippet of shell script and to source it. Here's a simple illustration.
Code:
c@CW8:/tmp$ echo 'x=15' > input.txt
c@CW8:/tmp$ source input.txt
c@CW8:/tmp$ echo $x
15