Hi,

I am trying to compile the simplest hello.c linux program kernel program under Suse Linux 9.3. Below is my program, and below that is the compile errors I am getting. Do I need to install something else? I thought I had brought in all the source code but... I was able to build my own Linux Kernel and boot from it, but I can't seem to be able to build a simple program. Can anyone tell what might be missing, and why I am getting the compile errors?

Program:

---
/* hello.c
*
* "Hello, world" - the kernel module version.
*/

/* The necessary header files */

/* Standard in kernel modules */
#include <linux/kernel.h> /* We're doing kernel work */
#include <linux/module.h> /* Specifically, a module */


/* Initialize the module */
int init_module()
{
printk("Hello World!!!!!!\n");

/* If we return a non zero value, it means that init_module failed and
* the kernel module can't be loaded */
return 0;
}


/* Cleanup - undid whatever init_module did */
void cleanup_module()
{
printk("Goodbye World!!!!!\n");
}
---

Compile Errors --->>>

---
psullivan@linux:~> gcc hello.c
In file included from /usr/include/asm/system.h:4,
from /usr/include/linux/jiffies.h:8,
from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:12,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/system.h: In function `__cmpxchg':
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/system.h:249: error: `LOCK_PREFIX' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/system.h:249: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/system.h:249: error: for each function it appears in.)
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/system.h:249: error: syntax error before string constant
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/system.h:255: error: syntax error before string constant
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/system.h:261: error: syntax error before string constant
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/system.h:267: error: syntax error before string constant
In file included from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:12,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/linux/jiffies.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/jiffies.h:16: error: syntax error before "jiffies_64"
/usr/include/linux/jiffies.h:20: error: syntax error before "get_jiffies_64"
In file included from /usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:78,
from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:15,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_zero':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:113: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_fill':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:128: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_copy':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:134: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_and':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:145: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_or':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:154: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_xor':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:163: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_andnot':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:172: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_complement':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:181: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_equal':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:190: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_intersects':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:199: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_subset':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:208: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_empty':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:216: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_full':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:224: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_shift_right':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:238: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h: In function `bitmap_shift_left':
/usr/include/linux/bitmap.h:247: error: `BITS_PER_LONG' undeclared (first use in this function)
In file included from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:15,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:81: error: syntax error before "DECLARE_BITMAP"
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:82: error: syntax error before "_unused_cpumask_arg_"
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:85: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpu_set':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:87: error: `cpu' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:87: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:91: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpu_clear':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:93: error: `cpu' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:93: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:97: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_setall':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:99: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:99: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:103: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_clear':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:105: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:105: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:112: error: syntax error before "cpumask_t"
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpu_test_and_set':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:114: error: `cpu' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:114: error: `addr' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:118: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_and':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:121: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:121: error: `src1p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:121: error: `src2p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:121: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:125: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_or':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:128: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:128: error: `src1p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:128: error: `src2p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:128: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:132: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_xor':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:135: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:135: error: `src1p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:135: error: `src2p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:135: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:140: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_andnot':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:143: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:143: error: `src1p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:143: error: `src2p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:143: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:147: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_complement':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:150: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:150: error: `srcp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:150: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:154: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_equal':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:157: error: `src1p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:157: error: `src2p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:157: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:161: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_intersects':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:164: error: `src1p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:164: error: `src2p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:164: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:168: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_subset':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:171: error: `src1p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:171: error: `src2p' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:171: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:175: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_empty':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:177: error: `srcp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:177: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:181: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_full':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:183: error: `srcp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:183: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:187: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_weight':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:189: error: `srcp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:189: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:194: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_shift_right':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:197: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:197: error: `srcp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:197: error: `n' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:197: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:202: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpus_shift_left':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:205: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:205: error: `srcp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:205: error: `n' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:205: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:209: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__first_cpu':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:211: error: syntax error before "int"
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:215: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__next_cpu':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:217: error: syntax error before "int"
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:266: error: syntax error before '*' token
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpumask_scnprintf':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:268: error: `buf' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:268: error: `len' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:268: error: `srcp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:268: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:274: error: syntax error before "cpumask_t"
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: In function `__cpumask_parse':
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:276: error: `buf' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:276: error: `len' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:276: error: `dstp' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:276: error: `nbits' undeclared (first use in this function)
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:344: error: syntax error before "cpu_possible_map"
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:345: error: syntax error before "cpu_online_map"
/usr/include/linux/cpumask.h:346: error: syntax error before "cpu_present_map"
In file included from /usr/include/asm/mmu.h:4,
from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:21,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/mmu.h:15: error: syntax error before "rwlock_t"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/mmu.h:18: error: syntax error before '}' token
In file included from /usr/include/linux/signal.h:4,
from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:25,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/linux/list.h:715:2: warning: #warning "don't include kernel headers in userspace"
In file included from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:27,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/linux/fs_struct.h:9: error: syntax error before "rwlock_t"
/usr/include/linux/fs_struct.h:13: error: syntax error before '}' token
In file included from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:29,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/linux/completion.h:15: error: syntax error before "wait_queue_head_t"
/usr/include/linux/completion.h: In function `init_completion':
/usr/include/linux/completion.h:26: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
/usr/include/linux/completion.h:27: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
In file included from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:30,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/linux/pid.h: At top level:
/usr/include/linux/pid.h:17: error: field `pid_chain' has incomplete type
/usr/include/linux/pid.h:19: error: field `pid_list' has incomplete type
In file included from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/linux/sched.h:92: error: syntax error before "process_counts"
In file included from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:101,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/linux/timer.h:11: error: field `entry' has incomplete type
In file included from /usr/include/asm/pda.h:4,
from /usr/include/asm-x86_64/current.h:7,
from /usr/include/asm/current.h:4,
from /usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:18,
from /usr/include/asm/processor.h:4,
from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:103,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/pda.h:26: error: `CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT' undeclared here (not in a function)
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/pda.h:26: error: requested alignment is not a constant
In file included from /usr/include/asm/processor.h:4,
from /usr/include/linux/sched.h:103,
from /usr/include/linux/module.h:9,
from hello.c:10:
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:190: error: syntax error before "u16"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:192: error: syntax error before "twd"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:193: error: syntax error before "fop"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:194: error: syntax error before "rip"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:195: error: syntax error before "rdp"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:196: error: syntax error before "mxcsr"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:197: error: syntax error before "mxcsr_mask"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:198: error: syntax error before "st_space"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:199: error: syntax error before "xmm_space"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:200: error: syntax error before "padding"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:201: error: syntax error before '}' token
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:204: error: field `fxsave' has incomplete type
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:208: error: syntax error before "u32"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:210: error: syntax error before "rsp1"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:211: error: syntax error before "rsp2"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:212: error: syntax error before "reserved2"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:213: error: syntax error before "ist"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:214: error: syntax error before "reserved3"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:215: error: syntax error before "reserved4"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:216: error: syntax error before "reserved5"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:217: error: syntax error before "io_bitmap_base"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:228: error: syntax error before '}' token
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:228: error: `CONFIG_X86_L1_CACHE_SHIFT' undeclared here (not in a function)
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:259: error: syntax error before "u64"
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h: In function `prefetchw':
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/processor.h:401: error: called object is not a function
hello.c: At top level:
/usr/include/asm-x86_64/mmu.h:17: error: storage size of `sem' isn't known
psullivan@linux:~>
---


Thanks,

Patrick//

Moved: This thread is more suitable in Programming and has been moved accordingly to help your thread/question get the exposure it deserves.

The first problem I see is that you seem to be picking up your headers from "/usr/include".

You absolutely need to do the following:

1. Download and configure the kernel source (typically in "/usr/src/<<version>>",
but it could also be under your home directory or in a special project directory).

2. Download and install the kernel development tools.
On Suse, if you go into Yast2 and install gcc, kernel-sources and
kernel-docs, you should be covered.

3. Set up your environment to use the kernel tools and point to the kernel
source whenever you build your own kernel modules.

Strong suggestion: please consider buying these two books (worth their weight in gold):

"Linux Kernel Development, 2nd Ed."; Robert Love
http://www.bookpool.com/sm/0672327201

"Writing Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Ed."; Borbett, Rubini, Kroah-Hartman
http://www.bookpool.com/sm/0596005903

In the meantime, these links might be of help:

http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/
<= The complete "Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Ed" book online

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/linux/drivers
<= All sample code ...
... including the shell scripts, makefile and source for "hello world"

'Hope that helps .. PSM