I'm no expert in desktop environment extensions/plugins, but I think that designing your own desktop environment from scratch and then adding this kind of functionality is highly infeasible, because of the complexity of the aforementioned task. I wouldn't even start designing one without having taken a look at how other DEs are designed/structured.
But there's is another (bigger) problem: what do you really want to do with this 3D model sitting on your desktop? Would it "live" inside its own window/desktop element? Would it be interactive? Would it use a fixed or mobile camera even during animations? How would you use lights?
Keep in mind that a .blend file doesn't contain
only 3D models, but a lot of other information such as scene(s) setup (which include 3D models position, camera position, world lighting setup, textures, materials etc.), embedded materials/textures/images, armatures/bones setups, animation data, sounds, nodes setup etc.
I think you could use some third-party parser for blender files (the
Oolong engine seems to include one, but I guess there are some others out there) but you'd still need to
exactly know what you're gonna do with the data contained therein.
Animations are possible with KDE plasmoids (I guess this is also true in other environments) as you can see in
this plasmoid
Plasmoids can be written in several different languages too (Javascript, Python, C++, QML).
As a first design step I would, however, design this 3D desktop applet as a standalone application, then I would find a way to make it a desktop widget.