They still are, altho only a few are used (bash and zsh are the currently highly developed ones, but some older ones are still around (tho I dont think anyone likes them)).
Read the GNU libc manual, it has a "tutorial" (code snippets, some information, the rest is on you) about how to make a shell. See the section "Job Control", it even has a sub-section "Implementing a Shell", which will get you started on the overall concepts and how its done.
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