Nothing. On the other hand, if the file-name were $(rm -rf /) (which is unusual but legal filename), the results would be different.

You have an array of 10 pointers to char. You can assign them at anytime. However,that isn't a valid initializer.
As I pointed out elsewhere the memory pointed to in that instance is read only memory. If you wanted to strings that are mutatable you need to allocate memory and copy the string.

Also:

This is an invalid initialization.

You have declared an array of 10 pointers to characters... but tried to set a pointer - but did not specify WHICH pointer you want.

The usual way for something like this is:
And the first pointer (a[0]) will be pointing to the constant array "Bob".

I think you probably meant:

That is one of the situations in which the C language itself (rather than just some standard functions) pretends to support strings.

That does work only as an initialization during array definition ("definition" is approximately what you meant by "declaration". That line of code does declaration, definition and initialization. But in C you can declare without defining or initializing and you can declare and define without initializing. So sometimes you need to be careful in a language features discussion to say exactly which of those you mean).

Anyway, that assignment of a string value to a char array is only valid as an initialization, not as a run time assignment.

Yes, the asterisk is a typo. Thanks for clearing my doubts.

char a[10]="John";

will be, in memory:
[J],[o],[h],[n],[0],[0],[0],[0],[0],[0]

you only need the string and a 0 to terminate it
char a[5]="John";

or just
char a[]="John";