asm question

karlan · 07-14-2004, 07:36 PM

Two question
1) Why doesn't this draw a diagnoal line? Is counter's register being curropted
2) For clobber section, do I need to define ax/eax if using ah/al?

gcc -c file.cpp -fwritable-strings -ffreestanding -nostartfiles -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions
ld --oformat binary -o line file.o

Code:

#define init12() \
	do {     \
	   asm volatile("mov $0x12,%%al\n \
	                 int $0x10\n" ::: \
			      "%al","%ax","%eax","%ah");} \
	while(0)
#define init13() \
	do {     \
	   asm volatile("mov $0x13,%%al\n \
	                 int $0x10\n" ::: \
			      "%al","%ax","%eax","%ah");} \
	while(0)
#define init14() \
	do {     \
	   asm volatile("mov $0x14,%%al\n \
	                 int $0x10\n" ::: \
			      "%al","%ax","%eax","%ah");} \
	while(0)
#define plotpix(x,y) \
        do {         \
	   asm volatile("mov $0x0C,%%ah\n   \
	                 mov $15,%%al\n     \
			 mov %0,%%ecx\n     \
			 mov %1,%%edx\n     \
			 int $0x10\n"    \
			 ::"r"(x),"r"(y) : \
				   "%ah","%ax","%eax","%ecx","%al", "%edx");} \
	while(0)


char *buffer = "Karlan Kayne\0";
int main(){
init12();

for(int counter = 0 ; counter < 30 ; counter++){
	plotpix(counter, counter);
	}

for(;;){}
return 0;
}

And the bootloader i'm using, if that helps:

nasm -f bin bootloader.S
cat bootloader line | dd of=/dev/fd0 bs=512

Code:

[BITS 16]
[ORG 0x7C00]   ; Origin location

_start:
     mov ah, 0x02    ; Read Disk Sectors
     mov al, 0x03    ; Read three sector only (512 bytes per sector)
     mov ch, 0x00    ; Track 0
     mov cl, 0x02    ; Sector 2
     mov dh, 0x00    ; Head 0
     mov dl, 0x00    ; Drive 0 (Floppy 1) (This can be replaced with the value in BootDrv)
     mov bx, 0x2000  ; Segment 0x2000
     mov es, bx      ;  again remember segments bust be loaded from non immediate data
     mov bx, 0x0000  ; Start of segment - offset value
.readsector:
     int 0x13        ; Call BIOS Read Disk Sectors function
     jc .readsector  ; If there was an error, try again
     mov ax, 0x2000  ; Set the data segment register
     mov ds, ax      ;  to point to the kernel location in memory
     jmp 0x2000:0x0000       ; Jump to the kernel

times 510-($-$$) db 0	; Fill the rest with zeros
dw 0xAA55		; Boot loader signature

And finally my c program in asm

Code:

	.file	"file.cpp"
.globl buffer
	.data
.LC0:
	.string	"Karlan Kayne"
	.string	""
	.align 4
	.type	buffer,@object
	.size	buffer,4
buffer:
	.long	.LC0
	.text
	.align 2
.globl main
	.type	main,@function
main:
	pushl	%ebp
	movl	%esp, %ebp
	pushl	%esi
	pushl	%ebx
	subl	$16, %esp
	andl	$-16, %esp
	movl	$0, %eax
	subl	%eax, %esp
#APP
	mov $0x12,%al
 	                 int $0x10

#NO_APP
	movl	$0, -12(%ebp)
.L3:
	cmpl	$29, -12(%ebp)
	jle	.L6
	jmp	.L4
.L6:
	movl	-12(%ebp), %ebx
	movl	-12(%ebp), %esi
#APP
	mov $0x0C,%ah
   	                 mov $15,%al
     			 mov %ebx,%ecx
     			 mov %esi,%edx
     			 int $0x10

#NO_APP
	leal	-12(%ebp), %eax
	incl	(%eax)
	jmp	.L3
.L4:
.L8:
	jmp	.L8
.Lfe1:
	.size	main,.Lfe1-main
	.ident	"GCC: (GNU) 3.2.3"

If anyone wonders what I'm doing: It will be a couple of arcade games(snake, pong, etc) all on a independent boot disc.

jinksys · 07-15-2004, 05:03 AM

I see a problem...
The computer boots up in real mode (16 bit), but your program is
32bit. The CPU cant properly decode the instructions while it is in 16 bit
mode if the instructions it is given are encoded in 32bits.
Im guessing everything goes well until your bootloader puts the
kernel image into memory.

You have a few choices:

Write code in your bootloader that enters protected mode, then load your
kernel. Then you can use C 99% of the time. I think this would be overkill
for what you are doing though.

Write 16 bit real mode code, although you will have to write your code in
assembly. You can only access 1MB of memory, although that should be
enough.

Also, dont forget to set up a stack! Whether the stack pointer is valid or not
doest matter, it still needs to be at a known address in order to prevent
data overwrite.

jinksys · 07-15-2004, 05:04 AM

PS,

this forum may be more suited for these type of questions,
visit us sometimes...
http://www.mega-tokyo.com/forum/index.php?board=1

karlan · 07-15-2004, 07:07 PM

1) can I still use inturprets in protected?(EDIT: HOW DO I USE VM86 mode?)
2) how do i set up a stack
3) whats the asm code for entering protected mode(probley can find it somewhere else too, so no worries)

jinksys · 07-15-2004, 09:27 PM

This page has alot of info:
http://mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/

1) Yes, if you couldnt use interupts then the computer would be useless

and I dont know
how to use VM86 mode yet, sorry. There is information at the above address though.

2) Easy, since the the stack is addressed using ss:sp you need to set them to an appropriate address. Keep in mind the stack grows DOWN so dont set it too close
to other data. Here's an example.

movw $0x9000,%ax // set ax to 0x9000
movw %ax,%ss //set ss equal to ax (0x9000)
movw $0x8000,%sp // set sp to 0x8000, now the stack is at 9000:8000

You can set the stack to any address you wish, its your responsibility to make sure
data isnt overwritten by pushes and pops.

3) This page has info on protected mode, http://www.mega-tokyo.com/osfaq2/ind.../ProtectedMode
If you are going to do any kind of protected mode programming I suggest
downloading the intel programmers manual from intel's website.

Hano · 07-15-2004, 11:01 PM

jinksys, that www.mega-tokyo.com url gives a 403 :-/

jinksys · 07-16-2004, 11:54 AM

Odd, works for me.