Definitely!
AJAX, as you
should know, is essentially a
client-side technology. It puts the primary responsibility for "the user experience" upon programming (written in JavaScript) which runs on
the user's computer. The server responds to "remote procedure calls" issued by the client-side programming.
The implementation language on the
server side can be "whatever you want." Python, Perl, PHP, and (for the particularly masochistic) C++
all have toolkits for efficiently handling RPC-style requests.