I'd suggest the RUTE guide for all things command line (you can get it as a pdf). I did a quick google search to find some good sites to learn about the command line, and specifically which programs are the most useful, but couldn't find anything (in under a minute!
), but this seemed like a fairly good place to start:
http://www.tuxfiles.org/linuxhelp/cli.html
I find that the programs I use most regularly are the obvious ones: ls, cd, rm, mv etc. But for file manipulation, I use the vim editor, which is fairly complicated to use, but powerful as a result. To view files more quickly I often use less (or more). cat is useful as a way of opening a file onto the terminal. the pipe command | (usually ctrl backslash) allows you to take the output of one file, and use that as the input to another, so to display all the processes currently running, but only for the user zathrus, I'd type
Code:
ps -ef | grep zathrus
where ps -ef shows all processes for all users, and then grep takes that output, and filters it for zathrus only.
The best way to learn is to use, so delve away
Enjoy!