Bash is the bourn again shell.
The text command interface you usually use (a shell is a wrapper to a cli (command line interface), bourn is a newer shell, bourn again is even newer, to over-simplify. Mandrake (and most distros) use bash as the default shell, most other shells try to be compatable with bash.
Let's look at an example line:
export QTDIR=~/kde3.4
QTDIR is a (string) variable. You are storing "~/kde3.4" into that variable
export meens remember permanently + globally, elsewise.. it only remember in that shell, and only 'till it's closed.
PS: The ~ meens /home/$CURRENT_USER/ so in your case, it would resolve to home/carl0ski/
annother common generic example:
echo $PATH
will print your current path... the $ sign meens this is a string variable, not literal text.
PATH=/usr/mystuff:$PATH
will add "/usr/mystuff:" to the begining of PATH, for only the commands you enter in the current shell
export PATH=/usr/mystuff:$PATH
will add "/usr/mystuff:" to the begining of PATH globally
there are plenty of readmes and howtos for bash.
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