DISCUSSION: Developing Linux Device Drivers using Libusb API

vikram_cvk · 08-29-2004, 04:01 PM

This thread is to discuss the article titled: Developing Linux Device Drivers using Libusb API

KneeLess · 09-02-2004, 01:16 PM

This is a good article, but #include <...> are left out, and the indentation on the code is horrible (because there isn't any). I'm not sure if this is problem with the linuxanswers themselves, but it would look much better if it was properly formatted.

maroonbaboon · 07-22-2005, 05:31 AM

Just experimenting a bit here. Here is some C code with the vB 'code' tags:

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
main() {
    Printf("hello world\n");
}

Here is the same thing cut and pasted, without tags

#include <stdio.h>
main() {
Printf("hello world\n");
}

So (according to the preview button) you lose your indentation but I have no idea what happened to the #include directives in this post. Perhaps the author could fix it up with some 'code' tags. The ref to the sourceforge site also needs changing so it comes out as a link.

I've been searching for documentation on USB device drivers recently. There are a few good references but overall the situation is not very satisfactory. So almost anything is a positive contribution. If I understand correctly libusb lets you access USB devices even if they don't have kernel-level drivers. As the author suggests the (again rather brief) documentation at http://libusb.sourceforge.net/doc is worth a look for further code and examples. Apparently gphoto and rio500 are based on libusb.

Tester1 · 12-28-2006, 09:50 AM

Quote:

Originally Posted by KneeLess

This is a good article, but #include <...> are left out,

I myself added the following include lines:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <usb.h>

I do not know if all of those are necessary. After compiling and testing I noticed that usb_get_string_simple does not return any string via string parameter when testing the program as a user. The return value of the function usb_get_string_simple is -1 all the time.

But when I changed to root user and tested the program, everything worked fine.

Anyway, I wonder if this phenomen has something to do with udev? With two different live-cd (gentoo and SuSE) boot process stopped just after udev:

...
Starting udev....
... udev running.
Starting hardware detection...
Activating usb devices... <-- boot stops here

(the above example is with the SuSE 10.1 installation CD-ROM and repair system option).

jvogel · 10-12-2007, 12:23 PM

I am new to the Linux world. I have been programming for over 15 years and now I am writing a User Space USB device driver, or aleast trying to do so.

I found the article very interesting though it end with a hanging thought (i.e., These descriptors are defined using the) and that was the end.

I am looking for any information that anyone can give me about writing a USB device driver that has to be run in User Space.

Thanks,
John V.

alain91 · 10-24-2007, 08:04 AM

Hello,

Here is the end of the article :

Important attributes of USB devices useful in device driver coding
Configuration and Endpoints are one of the two important descriptors of any USB device. These desciptors are defined using the “struct usb_config_descriptor” and “struct_usb_endpoint_descriptor” respectively .

dev->descriptor.idVendor : Reveals the Vendor-Id of the USB device connected to the system.

dev->descriptor.idProduct : Reveals the Product-Id of the USB device connected to the system.

dev->descriptor.iManufacturer : Reveals the name of the Manufacturer USB device connected to the system.

EndpointAddress:Combination of endpoint address and enpoint direction on a USB device.

InterfaceNumber : One of the several interfaces that is allocated to the connected USB device.

AlternateSetting:This is part of the a single interface allocated to the USB device.

Prerequites for Libusb programming
Linux system with Kernel 2.4 above series.
Proficiency in C language.
Good understanding of USB device internals.
Idea about USBFS.

rockballad · 01-15-2008, 08:32 PM

Thanks for the good guide. But for unknown reason, I can't read the descriptor of the USBs device. Here's the output of your example

Code:

bus/device idVendor/idProduct
002/001 0000/0000
- Unable to fetch manufacturer string
- Unable to fetch product string
- Unable to fetch serial number string
 wTotalLength: 25
 bNumInterfaces: 1
 bConfigurationValue: 1
 iConfiguration: 0
 bmAttributes: e0h
 MaxPower: 0
 bInterfaceNumber: 0
 bAlternateSetting: 0
 bNumEndpoints: 1
 bInterfaceClass: 9
 bInterfaceSubClass: 0
 bInterfaceProtocol: 0
 iInterface: 0
 bEndpointAddress: 81h
 bmAttributes: 03h
 wMaxPacketSize: 2
 bInterval: 255
 bRefresh: 0
 bSynchAddress: 0
001/003 0EA0/2168
- Unable to fetch manufacturer string
- Unable to fetch product string
 wTotalLength: 39
 bNumInterfaces: 1
 bConfigurationValue: 1
 iConfiguration: 0
 bmAttributes: 80h
 MaxPower: 100
 bInterfaceNumber: 0
 bAlternateSetting: 0
 bNumEndpoints: 3
 bInterfaceClass: 8
 bInterfaceSubClass: 6
 bInterfaceProtocol: 80
 iInterface: 0
 bEndpointAddress: 81h
 bmAttributes: 02h
 wMaxPacketSize: 512
 bInterval: 0
 bRefresh: 0
 bSynchAddress: 0
 bEndpointAddress: 02h
 bmAttributes: 02h
 wMaxPacketSize: 512
 bInterval: 0
 bRefresh: 0
 bSynchAddress: 0
 bEndpointAddress: 83h
 bmAttributes: 03h
 wMaxPacketSize: 2
 bInterval: 1
 bRefresh: 0
 bSynchAddress: 0
001/001 0000/0000
- Unable to fetch manufacturer string
- Unable to fetch product string
- Unable to fetch serial number string
 wTotalLength: 25
 bNumInterfaces: 1
 bConfigurationValue: 1
 iConfiguration: 0
 bmAttributes: e0h
 MaxPower: 0
 bInterfaceNumber: 0
 bAlternateSetting: 0
 bNumEndpoints: 1
 bInterfaceClass: 9
 bInterfaceSubClass: 0
 bInterfaceProtocol: 0
 iInterface: 0
 bEndpointAddress: 81h
 bmAttributes: 03h
 wMaxPacketSize: 4
 bInterval: 12
 bRefresh: 0
 bSynchAddress: 0

The descriptor.xxxx is not available. While I can list the USBs device info in the Fedora Terminal by
$ /sbin/lsusb

Note: I'm using Fedora 8 64-bit as a VMWare guest.

Please tell me what's wrong with it.
Thanks in advance!

airodrim · 04-02-2008, 02:13 AM

Hi ppl, I used a similar test program to the one of the article.

Code:

/*
 * testlibusb.c
 *
 *  Test suite program
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "usb.h"

#define snprintf printf

#define ID_PRODUCT 0x0200
#define ID_VENDOR 0x8235

#define CONFIGURATION 1
#define INTERFACE_ 0
#define ALTINTERFACE 0
#define TIMEOUT 5000

#define OUT_ENDPOINT 0x01
#define IN_ENDPOINT 0x82

// #define SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE

int verbose = 0;
unsigned char first = true;

void print_endpoint(struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint)
{
  printf("      bEndpointAddress: %02xh\n", endpoint->bEndpointAddress);
  printf("      bmAttributes:     %02xh\n", endpoint->bmAttributes);
  printf("      wMaxPacketSize:   %d\n", endpoint->wMaxPacketSize);
  printf("      bInterval:        %d\n", endpoint->bInterval);
  printf("      bRefresh:         %d\n", endpoint->bRefresh);
  printf("      bSynchAddress:    %d\n", endpoint->bSynchAddress);
}

void print_altsetting(struct usb_interface_descriptor *interface)
{
  int i;

  printf("    bInterfaceNumber:   %d\n", interface->bInterfaceNumber);
  printf("    bAlternateSetting:  %d\n", interface->bAlternateSetting);
  printf("    bNumEndpoints:      %d\n", interface->bNumEndpoints);
  printf("    bInterfaceClass:    %d\n", interface->bInterfaceClass);
  printf("    bInterfaceSubClass: %d\n", interface->bInterfaceSubClass);
  printf("    bInterfaceProtocol: %d\n", interface->bInterfaceProtocol);
  printf("    iInterface:         %d\n", interface->iInterface);

  for (i = 0; i < interface->bNumEndpoints; i++)
    print_endpoint(&interface->endpoint[i]);
}

void print_interface(struct usb_interface *interface)
{
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < interface->num_altsetting; i++)
    print_altsetting(&interface->altsetting[i]);
}

void print_configuration(struct usb_config_descriptor *config)
{
  int i;

  printf("  wTotalLength:         %d\n", config->wTotalLength);
  printf("  bNumInterfaces:       %d\n", config->bNumInterfaces);
  printf("  bConfigurationValue:  %d\n", config->bConfigurationValue);
  printf("  iConfiguration:       %d\n", config->iConfiguration);
  printf("  bmAttributes:         %02xh\n", config->bmAttributes);
  printf("  MaxPower:             %d\n", config->MaxPower);

  for (i = 0; i < config->bNumInterfaces; i++)
    print_interface(&config->interface[i]);
}

int print_device(struct usb_device *dev, int level)
{
  usb_dev_handle *udev;
  char description[256];
  char string[256];
  int ret, i;

  udev = usb_open(dev);
  if (udev) {
    if (dev->descriptor.iManufacturer) {
      ret = usb_get_string_simple(udev, dev->descriptor.iManufacturer, string, sizeof(string));
      if (ret > 0)
        snprintf(description, sizeof(description), "%s - ", string);
      else
        snprintf(description, sizeof(description), "%04X - ",
                 dev->descriptor.idVendor);
    } else
      snprintf(description, sizeof(description), "%04X - ",
               dev->descriptor.idVendor);

    if (dev->descriptor.iProduct) {
      ret = usb_get_string_simple(udev, dev->descriptor.iProduct, string, sizeof(string));
      if (ret > 0)
        snprintf(description + strlen(description), sizeof(description) -
                 strlen(description), "%s", string);
      else
        snprintf(description + strlen(description), sizeof(description) -
                 strlen(description), "%04X", dev->descriptor.idProduct);
    } else
      snprintf(description + strlen(description), sizeof(description) -
               strlen(description), "%04X", dev->descriptor.idProduct);

  } else
    snprintf(description, sizeof(description), "%04X - %04X",
             dev->descriptor.idVendor, dev->descriptor.idProduct);

  printf("%.*sDev #%d: %s\n", level * 2, "                    ", dev->devnum,
         description);

  if (udev && verbose) {
    if (dev->descriptor.iSerialNumber) {
      ret = usb_get_string_simple(udev, dev->descriptor.iSerialNumber, string, sizeof(string));
      if (ret > 0)
        printf("%.*s  - Serial Number: %s\n", level * 2,
               "                    ", string);
    }
  }

  if (udev)
    usb_close(udev);

  if (verbose) {
    if (!dev->config) {
      printf("  Couldn't retrieve descriptors\n");
      return 0;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < dev->descriptor.bNumConfigurations; i++)
      print_configuration(&dev->config[i]);
  } else {
    for (i = 0; i < dev->num_children; i++)
      print_device(dev->children[i], level + 1);
  }

  return 0;
}

int read(struct usb_dev_handle *handle)
{
	if (usb_claim_interface(handle, INTERFACE_) < 0) {
		printf("error on usb_claim_interface: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		return -1;
	}
	printf("usb_claim_interface successful\n");
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
	if (first) {
		first = false;
#endif
		if (usb_set_altinterface(handle, ALTINTERFACE) < 0){
			printf("usb_set_altinterface failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		}
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
	}
#endif
	
	int size = 512, res;
	char *data = (char *) malloc(size*sizeof(char));
	res = usb_bulk_read(handle, IN_ENDPOINT, data, size, TIMEOUT);
	if (res < 0){
		printf("usb_bulk_read failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
	}
	printf("usb_bulk_read: %d bytes read: ", res);
	for (int i = 0; i < res; ++i) {
		printf("%3x ", data[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
	
	usb_release_interface(handle, INTERFACE_);
	free(data);
}

int write(struct usb_dev_handle *handle)
{
	int size = 12;
	char *data = (char *) malloc(size*sizeof(char));
	data[0] = 0x33;
	data[1] = 0x5B;
	data[2] = 0x02;
	data[3] = 0x01;
	data[4] = 0x00;
	data[5] = 0x05;
	data[6] = 0x01;
	data[7] = 0x03;
	data[8] = 0x07;
	data[9] = 0x0F;
	data[10] = 0x7F;
	data[11] = 0x1F;
	// data = {0x33, 0x5B, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x05, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x7F, 0x1F};

	if (usb_claim_interface(handle, INTERFACE_) < 0) {
		printf("error on usb_claim_interface: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		return -1;
	}
	printf("usb_claim_interface successful\n");
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
	if (first) {
		first = false;
#endif
		if (usb_set_altinterface(handle, ALTINTERFACE) < 0){
			printf("usb_set_altinterface failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		}
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
	}
#endif

	printf("usb_bulk_write: writing %d bytes: ", size);
	for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
		printf("%3x ", data[i]);
	}
	printf("\n");
	
	int res = usb_bulk_write(handle, OUT_ENDPOINT, data, size, TIMEOUT);
	if (res < 0){
		printf("usb_bulk_write failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		return -1;
	}
	
	printf("usb_bulk_write: %d bytes written\n", res);
	
	usb_release_interface(handle, INTERFACE_);
	free(data);
}

int readWrite(struct usb_dev_handle *handle)
{
	
	int size = 512;
	char *data = (char *) malloc(size*sizeof(char));
	
	printf("type a string...\n");
	scanf("%s", data);	// Get a string
	
	if (usb_claim_interface(handle, INTERFACE_) < 0) {
		printf("error on usb_claim_interface: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		system("PAUSE");
		return -1;
	}
	printf("usb_claim_interface successful\n");
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
	if (first) {
		first = false;
#endif
		if (usb_set_altinterface(handle, ALTINTERFACE) < 0){
			printf("usb_set_altinterface failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		}
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
	}
#endif
	
	if (usb_bulk_write(handle, OUT_ENDPOINT, data, strlen(data), 3000) < 0){
		printf("usb_bulk_write failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		system("PAUSE");
		return -1;
	}
	
	strcpy(data, "12345678901234567890");
	printf("%s\n", "read data");
	if (usb_bulk_read(handle, IN_ENDPOINT, data, size, 3000) < 0){
		printf("usb_bulk_read failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
	}
	printf("output %d, %s\n", size, data);
//	for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
//		printf("%4x ", data[i]);
//	}
	
	usb_release_interface(handle, INTERFACE_);
	free(data);
}

int readWriteLoop(struct usb_dev_handle *handle)
{
	int NOF_LOOPS = 20;
	int size = 12;
	char *data = (char *) malloc(size*sizeof(char));
	data[0] = 0x33;
	data[1] = 0x5B;
	data[2] = 0x02;
	data[3] = 0x01;
	data[4] = 0x00;
	data[5] = 0x05;
	data[6] = 0x01;
	data[7] = 0x03;
	data[8] = 0x07;
	data[9] = 0x0F;
	data[10] = 0x7F;
	data[11] = 0x1F;
	// data = {0x33, 0x5B, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x05, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x7F, 0x1F};

	if (usb_claim_interface(handle, INTERFACE_) < 0) {
		printf("error on usb_claim_interface: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		return -1;
	}
	printf("usb_claim_interface successful\n");
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
	if (first) {
		first = false;
#endif
		if (usb_set_altinterface(handle, ALTINTERFACE) < 0){
			printf("usb_set_altinterface failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		}
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
	}
#endif

	printf("usb_bulk_write: writing %d bytes: ", size);
	for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
		printf("%3x ", data[i]);
	}
	printf("\n------------------------\n");
	
	for (int var = 0; var < NOF_LOOPS; ++var) {
		
		int res = usb_bulk_write(handle, OUT_ENDPOINT, data, size, TIMEOUT);
		if (res < 0){
			printf("usb_bulk_write failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
			return -1;
		}
		
		printf("usb_bulk_write: %d bytes written\n", res);

		int size = 64;
		char *data = (char *) malloc(size*sizeof(char));
		res = usb_bulk_read(handle, IN_ENDPOINT, data, size, TIMEOUT);
		if (res < 0){
			printf("usb_bulk_read failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
		}
		printf("usb_bulk_read: %d bytes read: ", res);
		for (int i = 0; i < res; ++i) {
			printf("%3x ", data[i]);
		}
		printf("\n");
	}
	
	usb_release_interface(handle, INTERFACE_);
	free(data);
}

void logDevices()
{
	struct usb_bus *bus;
	
	printf("log devices...\n");
	for (bus = usb_get_busses(); bus; bus = bus->next) {
		if (bus->root_dev && !verbose)
			print_device(bus->root_dev, 0);
		else {
			struct usb_device *dev;
	
			for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next)
			print_device(dev, 0);
		}
	}
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct usb_bus *bus;
	struct usb_device *dev;
	struct usb_dev_handle *handle;
  
	bool run = true;

	if (argc > 1 && !strcmp(argv[1], "-v"))
		verbose = 1;

	usb_set_debug(255);
	
	printf("initialize libraray, find busses and devices\n");
	usb_init();

	usb_find_busses();
	usb_find_devices();
	
	if (verbose)
		logDevices();

	int size = 512;
	char *data = (char *) malloc(size*sizeof(char));

	printf("Search for device with idVendor 0x%x and idProduct 0x%x\n", ID_VENDOR, ID_PRODUCT);
	for (bus = usb_get_busses(); bus; bus = bus->next) {
		if (verbose)
			printf("Found bus %s\n", bus->dirname);
		for (dev = bus->devices; dev; dev = dev->next) {
			if (verbose)
				printf("Found device with idVendor 0x%x and idProduct 0x%x\n", dev->descriptor.idVendor, dev->descriptor.idProduct);
			if ((dev->descriptor.idProduct == ID_PRODUCT) && (dev->descriptor.idVendor == ID_VENDOR)){
				printf("Device found -> open\n");
				handle = usb_open(dev);
				if (!handle) {
					printf("invalid handle: %s\n", usb_strerror());
					system("PAUSE");
					return -1;
				}
				printf("Set configuration\n");
				if (usb_set_configuration(handle, CONFIGURATION) < 0) {
	  				printf("error on usb_set_configuration: %s\n", usb_strerror());
	  				system("PAUSE");
	  				return -1;
	  			}

				printf("Set altinterface (must failed)\n");
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
				if (first) {
					first = false;
#endif
					if (usb_set_altinterface(handle, ALTINTERFACE) < 0){
						printf("usb_set_altinterface failed: %s\n", usb_strerror());
					}
#ifdef SET_ALTINTERFACE_ONCE
				}
#endif
	  			
	  			printf("w=write, r=read, x=exit, t=write+read, u=write+read(2), l=r/w loop, z=reset and open\n");
	
	 			while (run) {
		  			scanf("%s", data);
		  			
		    		switch (data[0]) {
						case 'w':	// write
							write(handle);
							break;
						case 'r':	// read
							read(handle);
							break;
						case 'x':	// exit
							run = false;
							break;
						case 't':	// write + read
							if (write(handle)) {
								read(handle);
							}
							break;
						case 'u':	// write + read
							readWrite(handle);
							break;
						case 'l':	// loop
							readWriteLoop(handle);
							break;
						case 's':	// reset first flag (set_altinterface())
							first = true;
							break;
						case 'z':	// reset and open
							usb_reset(handle);
							handle = usb_open(dev);
							break;
						default:
							break;
					}
		  		}
		  		printf("\ndone\n");
		  	}
	  	}
	}
	free(data);
	system("PAUSE");

	return 1;
}

I executed it as root under Fedora core 5, I can list the usb buses but no the devices. The output is

Code:

usb_set_debug: Setting debugging level to 255 (on) 
initialize libraray, find busses and devices 
usb_os_init: Found USB VFS at /dev/bus/usb 
usb_os_find_busses: Found 005 
usb_os_find_busses: Found 004 
usb_os_find_busses: Found 003 
usb_os_find_busses: Found 002 
usb_os_find_busses: Found 001 
usb_os_find_busses: Skipping non bus directory devices 
usb_os_find_devices: Found 004 on 005 
skipped 1 class/vendor specific interface descriptors 
usb_os_find_devices: Found 001 on 005 
error obtaining child information: Inappropriate ioctl for device 
usb_os_find_devices: Found 001 on 004 
usb_os_find_devices: Found 001 on 003 
usb_os_find_devices: Found 002 on 002 
skipped 1 class/vendor specific interface descriptors 
usb_os_find_devices: Found 001 on 002 
error obtaining child information: Inappropriate ioctl for device 
usb_os_find_devices: Found 001 on 001 
log devices... 
Search for device with idVendor 0x8235 and idProduct 0x200 
Found bus 005 
Found bus 004 
Found bus 003 
Found bus 002 
Found bus 001 
sh: PAUSE: command not found

Does any one know what could it be the problem?

thx

lionfish0 · 07-26-2008, 05:58 AM

rockballad, try running the program as root.

rockballad · 07-27-2008, 08:18 PM

Quote:

Originally Posted by lionfish0

rockballad, try running the program as root.

Yes, I'm finished this. I'm trying to write a kernel version. But it seems hard for me.

Thanks

reldon · 02-21-2009, 12:44 AM

I put the following includes to get the program to work

#include <stdio.h>
#include <usb.h>

Under Ubuntu linux you must compile using sudo as well as run the program using sudo to get it to work..

this is a good starting article.

linux.sridhark · 05-03-2009, 11:18 PM

Man! A worthy tutorial.

udellally · 07-19-2009, 10:10 AM

Hi.
I wrote a shell-prog that communicates a selfmade USB-device using the libusb.
It works fine, but I only can use the prog if I am logged in as root. Every other user gets the message, that there is no device connected, but without changing anything root can control it.
I tried to "chmod 777" all the libusb-files in /usr/lib/, but that did not work, too.
Has anyone of you a clue, what the problem could be?
Thanks.

mr805newbie · 08-08-2009, 12:24 AM

Is there some fort of GUI for this?

Quote:

gcc -o usbdevice_details testlibusb.c -I/usr/local/include -L. -lnsl -lm -lc -L/usr/local/lib -lusb

Is like huh...... for use newbs.

reinoud · 08-11-2009, 04:27 PM

I tried to compile teslibusb.c:
gcc -o usbdevice_details testlibusb.c -I/usr/local/include -L. -lnsl -lm -lc -L/usr/local/lib -lusb
However i get:
testlibusb.c:27: error: 'true' undeclared here (not in a function)
testlibusb.c:146: error: conflicting types for 'read'
/usr/include/unistd.h:312: error: previous declaration of 'read' was here
testlibusb.c: In function 'read':
testlibusb.c:170: error: 'for' loop initial declaration used outside C99 mode
testlibusb.c: At top level:
testlibusb.c:180: error: conflicting types for 'write'
/usr/include/unistd.h:318: error: previous declaration of 'write' was here
testlibusb.c: In function 'write':
testlibusb.c:214: error: 'for' loop initial declaration used outside C99 mode
testlibusb.c: In function 'readWriteLoop':
testlibusb.c:313: error: 'for' loop initial declaration used outside C99 mode
testlibusb.c:318: error: 'for' loop initial declaration used outside C99 mode
testlibusb.c:335: error: 'for' loop initial declaration used outside C99 mode
testlibusb.c: In function 'main':
testlibusb.c:368: error: 'bool' undeclared (first use in this function)
testlibusb.c:368: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
testlibusb.c:368: error: for each function it appears in.)
testlibusb.c:368: error: expected ';' before 'run'
testlibusb.c:423: error: 'run' undeclared (first use in this function)
testlibusb.c:434: error: 'false' undeclared (first use in this function)
testlibusb.c:466:2: warning: no newline at end of file

Is there a version that compiles out of the box?