Let me get this straight...

1. Your card CAN find your neighbours network.

2. Your card CANNOT connect to your neighbours network. Neither with Windows or Linux. Although all parameters (MAC filtering, WEP encryption) are set properly.

3. Your OLD card COULD connect to your network.

4. Your OLD card (what card type and manufacturer by the way?) was on the same computer to the same router over exact the same distance. Now there are no tinfoil hats in the way, nor 1 meter of ironconcrete or a wifi disruption device installed from the CIA?

Like this?
Sounds weird. ;-)

What does "iwlist wlan0 scanning" say?
Why can you not connect to your neighbours net? (dmesg output, iwlist output, and of course you DID NOT USE DHCPCD BUT FIXED IPs!)

No no no. Not a new card at all - same card as before... Just... Not working. =/

It can connect to my neighbor's internet, but it doesn't actually work. It's sending and recieving packets, but there's no real connectivity. My network, however, it won't even connect to. It sees all the networks in the area, and to my neighbor's (the only one I've tried), it will connect, but to mine it will not.

Oh, and the interference theory is out the window. I moved both the router and the laptop to a separate room, and it STILL didn't work.

Also, I reset the router to factory defaults and it did no good.

Oh, and one last thing. I forgot to mention that my wireless bridge, which is out in my living room (a solid 30-50 feet from the router) and I use to play Halo 2, picks up the signal just fine... It's a very confusing situation... :confused:

EDIT - Oh, and of course I use DHCP. :) I only use static IP addresses for my servers. :P

Well then, I have not the faintest idea. Get ethernet cabling. That is what I'm gonna do the next time I set up a network.