Basically a journaling filesystem helps in preserving the integrity of data, especially in case of a sudden power off during writing operations.
Here is a good and concise definition.
Just take in mind that ext3 and ext4 filesystem reserve part of the disk/partition to write journaling information. To retrieve info about the size and location of the journal on a partition (as root):
Code:
dumpe2fs /dev/sda1 | grep ^Journal