I have my Ubuntu live CD but not this SystemRescueCD and looks like I have to get this CD first.

USB stick with SystemRescueCD, I always have one ready to use. USB sticks are not that expensive nowadays.

You might try and check the man page for other conv= options available.

OK, i did create my_file.img with dd command
and fsck my_file.img

then what next in order to see my file?

In place of "/mnt/tmp" you can use any existing (preferably empty) directory. The "-r" (read-only) is for safety. Omit it if you really want read/write access to that image.

No.
fsck repairs file systems.

At this point in the game, there is a good chance that the heads are starting to crash on this drive. It is ill advised to be trying to repair anything on the original drive, as it has a very good chance of making things worse. The first and wisest course of action is to get a full sector-by-sector copy of the drive (if you can) with ddrescue, logging the sectors that are not accessible. If your data is of any value at all and/or you run into issues reading the drive, you should consider seek the assistance of a data recovery professional who has the facilities to safely recover your data.