If you keep a separate partition for your log files (/var), then you ensure that root can still log into the system even if your log files grow unexpectedly and take all usable space.
Similarly, keeping /tmp separate from your root partition protects you from being unable to boot if overly large files are left to accumulate there (probably not a factor for a single user system like you seem to be describing).
A separate swap partition keeps your virtual memory manager happy.
Other than that, breaking your file system into separate partitions is just a good way to minimize the affect of disk corruption on your files (a disk failure in one partition does not prevent accessing your data in other partition if you boot your system from another disk or a recovery tool like Bootable Business Card (BBC), or Knoppix.
With the limited space you are allocating to Linux, you probably just want to allocate a small /boot partition (24M), a swap partition (usually the same size as the installed memory, but probably 128MB is adequate), and leave everthing else available to /.
|