"i don't want to install latex itself, because i already installed it"
Unfortunately, there are no definite rules on how the whole TeX system is set out. It was all a huge horrible mess at one stage, which is why Karl Berry wrote 'kpathsea' (and Thomas Esser created teTeX).
For TeX distributions which use kpathsea (probably all modern distributions), you have a systemwide 'TEXMF' directory and each user can create their own local 'TEXMF' directory.
For system-wide changes, you have to find out where your system hides the sty and cls files - put your sty and cls files somewhere appropriate, and run 'texhash' to update things for kpathsea. I think you can also configure TeX (run texconfig-sys on teTeX systems) and have your own system-wide TEXMF directory to use in addition to what's installed by your distro's packaging tools.
For an example of the mess (unfortunately, necessary to maintain UNIX FSH standards), in Debian, the system-wide texmf directory (for config info only) is /etc/texmf. Some programs put a few items into /usr/share/texmf, but most things are in /var/lib/texmf.
happy hunting