Andy,
I have been browsing around for something along the same lines-- I'd like to be able to allow multiple people (family, friends) the ability to add information to the database for each picture, using only a browser interface. Optional usercode/password to have modify permission. Subsequently I'd like to be able to search for words associated with a picture.
Seems like the critical mass is there in any of the main distibutions to do the job: your choice of Postgresql, MySql for databases and Apache to serve it all up. What is needed is the glue to put it together.
A portion of the answer may be the "My Photo Gallery" Perl script at
http://www.fuzzymonkey.org/newfuzzy/software/perl/
Free Perl Scripts
which also has free perl scripts for doing classified ads using SQL for data access.
Perhaps there is also something to be found at a couple of the photography websites, which themselves offer a database for a fee.-- photo.net and the discussion of its construction by Phil Greenspun is one; fredmiranda.com is worth checking out too.
hope this helps, & will look for additional suggestions to be posted.
chuck