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Crashed_Again 12-30-2002 08:39 PM

HTTPS newbie
 
I have set up my Apache web server and I would like to have some of the pages on my website encrypted. Could someone point me in the direction of a good and COMPLETE https setup tutorial.

stickman 12-30-2002 08:57 PM

Assuming that you have already installed mod_ssl, you can generate some self-signed certs using OpenSSL.

Crashed_Again 12-30-2002 11:05 PM

Didn't find anything at those two sites and I'm not sure if I have installed mod_ssl but I do have all openssl packages installed.

Crashed_Again 12-31-2002 01:11 AM

Okay so https://192.168.0.x works but when I try to resolve it to the host name, https://www.mydomain.com, the operation times out. The firewall has port forwarding with TCP packets on port 443. Whats the deal?

stickman 12-31-2002 08:31 AM

You need to verify that mod_ssl (or its equivalent) is installed and configured. Look in your httpd.conf for this. You will need to generate a certificate for your site. The man page for openssl will give you some hints , but it's not much help for a first-timer. Try a quick search on Google.

DavidPhillips 12-31-2002 11:34 AM

I think you just need to setup the virtual hostname in your ssl.conf or httpd.conf depending on your version of apache

Crashed_Again 12-31-2002 06:57 PM

I added the virtual host to the ssl.conf file. I still have the same problem. https://192.168.0.x works but https://www.mydomain.com does not work. My firewall allows portforwarding from 443. I don't know if the problems lies in the httpd.conf file or the ssl.conf file.

Why would it work locally but not throught the domain name?

DavidPhillips 12-31-2002 10:50 PM

it must be ssl.conf, tht's the file for https

post it

:)

Crashed_Again 01-01-2003 01:01 AM

#
# This is the Apache server configuration file providing SSL support.
# It contains the configuration directives to instruct the server how to
# serve pages over an https connection. For detailing information about these
# directives see <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_ssl.html>
#
# For the moment, see <URL:http://www.modssl.org/docs/> for this info.
# The documents are still being prepared from material donated by the
# modssl project.
#
# Do NOT simply read the instructions in here without understanding
# what they do. They're here only as hints or reminders. If you are unsure
# consult the online docs. You have been warned.
#

LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so

# Until documentation is completed, please check http://www.modssl.org/
# for additional config examples and module docmentation. Directives
# and features of mod_ssl are largely unchanged from the mod_ssl project
# for Apache 1.3.

#
# When we also provide SSL we have to listen to the
# standard HTTP port (see above) and to the HTTPS port
#
Listen 443

#
# Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) Support
#
# To be able to use the functionality of a module which was built as a DSO you
# ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log
# CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common

##
## SSL Global Context
##
## All SSL configuration in this context applies both to
## the main server and all SSL-enabled virtual hosts.
##

#
# Some MIME-types for downloading Certificates and CRLs
#
AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl

# Pass Phrase Dialog:
# Configure the pass phrase gathering process.
# The filtering dialog program (`builtin' is a internal
# terminal dialog) has to provide the pass phrase on stdout.
SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin

# Inter-Process Session Cache:
# Configure the SSL Session Cache: First the mechanism
# to use and second the expiring timeout (in seconds).
#SSLSessionCache none
#SSLSessionCache shmht:/var/cache/mod_ssl/scache(512000)
#SSLSessionCache shmcb:/var/cache/mod_ssl/scache(512000)
SSLSessionCache dbm:/var/cache/mod_ssl/scache
SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300

# Semaphore:
# Configure the path to the mutual exclusion semaphore the
# SSL engine uses internally for inter-process synchronization.
SSLMutex file:logs/ssl_mutex

# Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG):
# Configure one or more sources to seed the PRNG of the
# SSL library. The seed data should be of good random quality.
# WARNING! On some platforms /dev/random blocks if not enough entropy
# is available. This means you then cannot use the /dev/random device
# because it would lead to very long connection times (as long as
# it requires to make more entropy available). But usually those
# platforms additionally provide a /dev/urandom device which doesn't
# block. So, if available, use this one instead. Read the mod_ssl User
# Manual for more details.
SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
#SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/random 512
#SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512
#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/random 512
#SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512

##
## SSL Virtual Host Context
##

<VirtualHost _default_:443>

# General setup for the virtual host
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
ServerName www.fakedomain.com:443
ServerAdmin fake@hotmail.com
ErrorLog logs/ssl_error_log
TransferLog logs/ssl_access_log

# SSL Engine Switch:
# Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.
SSLEngine on

# SSL Cipher Suite:
# List the ciphers that the client is permitted to negotiate.
# See the mod_ssl documentation for a complete list.
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL

# Server Certificate:
# Point SSLCertificateFile at a PEM encoded certificate. If
# the certificate is encrypted, then you will be prompted for a
# pass phrase. Note that a kill -HUP will prompt again. A test
# certificate can be generated with `make certificate' under
# built time. Keep in mind that if you've both a RSA and a DSA
# certificate you can configure both in parallel (to also allow
# the use of DSA ciphers, etc.)
SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt/fake.crt
#SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt/server-dsa.crt

# Server Private Key:
# If the key is not combined with the certificate, use this
# directive to point at the key file. Keep in mind that if
# you've both a RSA and a DSA private key you can configure
# both in parallel (to also allow the use of DSA ciphers, etc.)
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.key/fake.key
#SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.key/server-dsa.key

# Server Certificate Chain:
# Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the
# concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the
# certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively
# the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile
# when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server
# certificate for convinience.
#SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt/ca.crt

# Certificate Authority (CA):
# Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA
# certificates for client authentication or alternatively one
# huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)
# Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks
# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
#SSLCACertificatePath /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt
#SSLCACertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt

# Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL):
# Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client
# authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all
# of them (file must be PEM encoded)
# Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks
# to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
# Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
#SSLCARevocationPath /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crl
#SSLCARevocationFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl

# Client Authentication (Type):
# Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are
# none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a
# number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate
# issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.
#SSLVerifyClient require
#SSLVerifyDepth 10

# Access Control:
# With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based
# on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server
# variable checks and other lookup directives. The syntax is a
# mixture between C and Perl. See the mod_ssl documentation
# for more details.
#<Location />
#SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \
# and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \
# and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \
# and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \
# and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20 ) \
# or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/
#</Location>

# SSL Engine Options:
# Set various options for the SSL engine.
# o FakeBasicAuth:
# Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that
# the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The
# user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.
# Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user
# file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.
# o ExportCertData:
# This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and
# SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the
# server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client
# authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates
# into CGI scripts.
# o StdEnvVars:
# This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.
# Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,
# because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually
# useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the
# exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.
# o CompatEnvVars:
# This exports obsolete environment variables for backward compatibility
# to Apache-SSL 1.x, mod_ssl 2.0.x, Sioux 1.0 and Stronghold 2.x. Use this
# to provide compatibility to existing CGI scripts.
# o StrictRequire:
# This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even
# under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied
# and no other module can change it.
# o OptRenegotiate:
# This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL
# directives are used in per-directory context.
#SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +CompatEnvVars +StrictRequire
<Files ~ "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php3?)$">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Files>
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>

# SSL Protocol Adjustments:
# The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown
# approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for
# the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown
# approach you can use one of the following variables:
# o ssl-unclean-shutdown:
# This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no
# SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates
# the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use
# this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where
# mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.
# o ssl-accurate-shutdown:
# This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a
# SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify
# alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in
# practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use
# this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation
# works correctly.
# Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP
# keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable
# keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.
# Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround
# their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and
# "force-response-1.0" for this.
SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" \
nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0

# Per-Server Logging:
# The home of a custom SSL log file. Use this when you want a
# compact non-error SSL logfile on a virtual host basis.
CustomLog logs/ssl_request_log \
"%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"

</VirtualHost>

DavidPhillips 01-01-2003 01:46 AM

Add NameVirtualHost *:443 above this
<VirtualHost _default_:443>

try changing <VirtualHost _default_:443>

to <VirtualHost *:443>

ServerName www.yourdomain.com

add ServerAlias *.yourdomain.com

if you want


Crashed_Again 01-01-2003 03:47 AM

No none of those things worked either. Because it works locally, (https://192.168.0.x) and not through the domain name(https://www.mydomain.com) I am completly baffled. If the domain name ,www.mydomain.com, resolves to 192.168.0.x then why would https work locally only?

Now what I don't understand is the fact that httpd.conf and ssl.conf both have entries for virtual hosts. I don't understand which one does what but I have heard that you can edit either one to allow https connections. Can I just do this through httpd.conf?

Crashed_Again 01-01-2003 04:18 AM

Okay people here is a little bit of my httpd.conf file:

<VirtualHost 192.168.0.55>


ServerAdmin me@hotmail.com
ServerName www.mydomain.com

ServerSignature email

DirectoryIndex index.html

ServerSignature email
#SSLEngine on
#SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt
#SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.key/server.key



LogLevel debug
HostNameLookups off




</VirtualHost>

Now, if I uncomment the three SSL lines (SSLEngine on,SSLCertificate,etc.) then SSL binds to port 80. What happens is when I try and access www.mydomain.com an error message comes up saying:

Bad Request
Try https://www.mydomain.com:80

So if I do go to https://www.mydomain.com:80 it comes up and is secure but I don't want https running on port 80. I want it on the standard port 443. What should I do?

DavidPhillips 01-01-2003 10:29 AM

you cannot use 192.168.???? on the internet

is that actually what you have

Crashed_Again 01-01-2003 05:02 PM

Yes. Should I change it to my domain name or my WAN IP address?

DavidPhillips 01-02-2003 07:36 PM

To access this server by a name it will need to be registered.

You can do this with your own dns server, no problem.

The problem is it will not work out of your local network. The clients all need to use your dns server, or they could have a hosts file that resolves them to the right ip address.


On the internet you will need to register your internet ip (192.168????? will not work) address to the name you want to use. This way dns servers on the internet will know where it is and then you do not heed to worry about dns. You can just use an internet server for your machines and they will access the webserver by name. You can register as many names as you want to your same ip address, then add the name to apache in it's own Virtual Host section.


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