Oracle® Database
Quick Installation Guide
10g Release 1 (10.1) for Linux x86
Part No. B10813-01
February 2004
2 Oracle Database
This guide describes how to quickly install Oracle Database 10g on
Linux systems. It includes information about the following:
1. Review Information About this Guide
2. Log In to the System as root
3. Check the Hardware Requirements
4. Check the Software Requirements
5. Create Required UNIX Groups and User
6. Create Required Directories
7. Configure Kernel Parameters
8. Mount the Product Disc
9. Log In as the oracle User and Configure the oracle User’s
Environment
10. Install Oracle Database 10g
11. Install Products from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD
12. What to Do Next
13. Additional Information
14. Documentation Accessibility
Oracle Database 3
1 Review Information About this Guide
This guide describes how to install Oracle Database 10g using the
default installation options.
Tasks Described in this Guide
The procedures in this guide describe how to:
■ Configure your system to support Oracle Database 10g
■ Install the Oracle Database 10g software on a local file system
■ Configure a general-purpose Oracle database that uses the local
file system for database file storage
■ Install software from the Oracle Database 10g Companion CD
which improves the performance of Oracle Database 10g on your
system
Results of a Successful Installation
After you successfully install Oracle Database 10g:
■ The database that you created and the default Oracle Net listener
process are running on the system
4 Oracle Database
■ Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control and iSQL*Plus are
running and can be accessed using a Web browser
■ A single-node version of the Oracle Cluster Synchronization
Services (CSS) daemon is running and is configured to start
automatically when your system boots
Tasks Not Described in this Guide
This guide does not describe how to complete the following tasks:
■ Installing the software on a system that has an existing Oracle
software installation
■ Installing Oracle Cluster Ready Services (CRS) and Oracle Real
Application Clusters (RAC) on a cluster
■ Enabling Enterprise Manager e-mail notifications or automated
backups
■ Using alternative storage options such as Automatic Storage
Management (ASM) or raw devices for database storage
Oracle Database 5
Where to Get Additional Installation Information
For more detailed information about installing Oracle Database 10g,
including information about the tasks not described in this guide, see
one of the following guides:
■ If you are installing the software on a single system, see the Oracle
Database Installation Guide for UNIX Systems.
■ If you are installing Oracle Real Application Clusters, see the
Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation and Configuration Guide.
This guide also describes how to install Oracle Cluster Ready
Services, which is a prerequisite for RAC installations.
Both of these guides are available on the product disc. To access them,
use a Web browser to open the welcome.htm file, either in the top-level
directory of the CD-ROM or in the db directory on the DVD-ROM,
then select the Documentation tab.
6 Oracle Database
2 Log In to the System as root
Before you install the Oracle software, you must complete several
tasks as the root user. To log in as the root user, complete one of the
following procedures:
■ If you are installing the software from an X Window System
workstation or X terminal:
1. Start a local terminal session, for example, an X terminal
(xterm).
2. If you are not installing the software on the local system, enter
the following command to enable remote hosts to display X
applications on the local X server:
$ xhost +
Note: You must install the software from an X window workstation, an
X terminal, or a PC or other system with X server software installed.
Oracle Database 7
3. If you want to install the software on a remote system, enter a
command similar to the following to connect to that system:
$ telnet remote_host
4. If you are not logged in as the root user, enter the following
command to switch user to root:
$ su - root
password:
#
■ If you are installing the software from a PC or other system with X
server software installed:
Note: If necessary, see your X server documentation for more
information about completing this procedure. Depending on the X server
software that you are using, you may need to complete the tasks in a
different order.
8 Oracle Database
1. Start the X server software.
2. Configure the security settings of the X server software to
permit remote hosts to display X applications on the local
system.
3. Connect to the remote system where you want to install the
software and start a terminal session on that system, for
example, an X terminal (xterm).
4. If you are not logged in as the root user on the remote system,
enter the following command to switch user to root:
$ su - root
password:
#
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3 Check the Hardware Requirements
The system must meet the following minimum hardware
requirements:
Requirement Minimum Value
Physical memory (RAM) 512 MB (524288 KB)
Swap space 1 GB (1048576 KB) or twice the size of RAM
On systems with 2 GB or more of RAM, the
swap space can be between one and two
times the size of RAM
Disk space in /tmp 400 MB (409600 KB)
Disk space for software files 2.5 GB (2621440 KB)
This value includes 1 GB (1048576 KB) of
disk space required to install the Oracle
Database 10g Products from the Companion
CD (optional, but recommended).
Disk space for database files 1.2 GB (1258290 KB)
10 Oracle Database
To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:
1. To determine the physical RAM size, enter the following
command:
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
If the size of the physical RAM installed in the system is less than
512 MB, you must install more memory before continuing.
2. To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the
following command:
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
If necessary, see your operating system documentation for
information about how to configure additional swap space.
3. To determine the amount of free disk space available in the /tmp
directory, enter the following command:
# df -k /tmp
If there is less than 400 MB of disk space available in the /tmp
directory, complete one of the following steps:
■ Delete unnecessary files from the /tmp directory to achieve the
required disk space.
Oracle Database 11
■ Set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables when
setting the oracle user’s environment (described later).
■ Extend the file system that contains the /tmp directory. If
necessary, contact your system administrator for information
about extending file systems.
4. To determine the amount of free disk space available on the
system, enter the following command:
# df -k
This command displays the disk space usage on all mounted file
systems. To complete the installation, the system must satisfy
either of the following conditions:
■ 3.7 GB (3879731 KB) of free disk space is available on two file
systems: one with at least 2.5 GB (2621440 KB) free for the
Oracle software and another with at least 1.2 GB free for the
preconfigured database
■ 3.7 GB of free disk space is available for the Oracle software
and database on a single file system
12 Oracle Database
4 Check the Software Requirements
The system must meet the following minimum software requirements,
depending on your Linux distribution and version.
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES/AS 2.1 (x86)
■ Gnu gcc package, gcc-2.96.108.1 or higher
■ The following packages (or higher versions) must be also be
installed:
make-3.79
binutils-2.11
openmotif-2.1.30
Note: While installing the Oracle database on a disk drive separate from
the software does provide a performance improvement, for best
performance, the Oracle database files should be distributed across three
or more disks. The Oracle Database Installation Guide for UNIX Systems
describes this more complex and time-consuming type of installation.
However, this type of installation is recommended only for experienced
users.
Oracle Database 13
■ Kernel errata 25 (e.25) or higher (RHSA-2003:195-06)
■ glibc 2.2.4-31 errata or higher (RHSA-2003:022-09)
Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES/AS 3 (x86)
■ Gnu gcc package, gcc-3.2.3-2 or higher
■ The following packages (or higher versions) must be also be
installed:
make-3.79
binutils-2.11
openmotif-2.2.2-16
setarch-1.3-1
compat-db-4.0.14.5
compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.122
compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.122
compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.122
compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.122
■ No errata are currently required.
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UnitedLinux 1.0 (x86)
■ Service Pack 3 (SP3) or higher (kernel version 2.4.21-13
■ Gnu gcc package, gcc-3.2.2-38 or higher
■ The following packages (or higher versions) must be also be
installed:
make-3.79
binutils-2.12
openmotif-2.2.2-124
To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:
1. To determine which distribution and version of Linux is installed,
enter the following command:
# cat /etc/issue
Note: Only listed distributions and versions are currently certified and
supported.
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2. To determine whether the required packages are installed, enter a
command similar to the following:
$ rpm -q package_name
If a required package is not installed, install it from your
operating system distribution media, or download it from the
vendor’s Web site.
3. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 systems only, follow these steps:
a. To determine whether kernel update RHSA-2003:195-06 or
later is installed, enter the following command:
# uname -r
2.4.9-e.25
This command shows the kernel version (2.4.9) and errata
level (e.25). If the errata level is less than 25, install the latest
kernel update. See the following Web site for information on
kernel update RHSA-2003:195-06:
https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2003-195.html
16 Oracle Database
b. To determine whether fix RHSA-2003:022-09 is installed,
enter the following command:
# rpm -q glibc
glibc-2.2.4-31
If the version shown is less than 2.2.4-31, see the following
Web site for information on fix RHSA-2003:022-09:
https://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2003-022.html
4. On UnitedLinux 1.0 systems only, enter the following command
to determine whether Service Pack 3 is installed:
# uname -r
2.4.21-138-default
This command shows the kernel version (2.4.21-13 and type
(default). If the kernel version is less than 2.4.21-138, contact
your UnitedLinux vendor for information about obtaining and
installing Service Pack 3.
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5 Create Required UNIX Groups and User
The following local UNIX groups and user must exist on the system:
■ The oinstall group (the Oracle Inventory group)
■ The dba group (the OSDBA group)
■ The oracle user (the Oracle software owner)
The oinstall and dba groups and the oracle user may already exist
on your system. To determine whether they exist already, and if
necessary, to create them, follow these steps:
1. To determine whether the oinstall and dba groups exist, enter
the following commands:
# grep oinstall /etc/group
# grep dba /etc/group
If the output from these commands shows the specified group
name, that group already exists.
2. If necessary, enter the following commands to create the oinstall
and dba groups:
# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
18 Oracle Database
3. To determine whether the oracle user exists and belongs to the
correct groups, enter the following command:
# id oracle
If the oracle user exists, this command displays information
about the groups to which the user belongs. The output should be
similar to the following, indicating that oinstall is the primary
group and dba is a secondary group:
uid=502(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),503(dba)
4. If necessary, complete one of the following actions:
■ If the oracle user exists, but its primary group is not
oinstall or it is not a member of the dba group, enter the
following command:
# /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
■ If the oracle user does not exist, enter the following
command to create it:
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
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This command creates the oracle user and specifies:
– oinstall as the primary group
– dba as the secondary group
5. Enter the following command to set the password of the oracle
user:
# passwd oracle
6 Create Required Directories
Create directories with names similar to the following and specify the
correct owner, group, and permissions for them:
■ /u01/app/oracle (the Oracle base directory)
■ /u02/oradata (an optional Oracle datafile directory)
The Oracle base directory must have 2.5 GB (2621440 KB) of free disk
space, or 3.7 GB (3879731 KB) of free disk space if you choose not to
create a separate Oracle datafile directory. The Oracle datafile directory
must have 1.2 GB of free disk space.
20 Oracle Database
To determine where to create these directories, follow these steps:
1. Enter the following command to display information about all
mounted file systems:
# df -k
This command displays information about all of the file systems
mounted on the system, including:
■ The physical device name
■ The total amount, used amount, and available amount of disk
space, in kilobytes
■ The mount point directory for that file system
Note: If you do not want to create a separate Oracle datafile directory,
you can install the datafiles in a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory
(not recommended for production databases).
Oracle Database 21
2. From the display, identify either one or two file systems that meet
the following requirements:
■ Two file systems:
Identify one file system with 2.5 GB of free disk space, for the
Oracle base directory, and another file system with 1.2 GB of
free disk space for the Oracle datafile directory.
■ One file system:
Identify one file system with 3.7 GB of free disk space, for
both the Oracle base directory and the Oracle datafile
directory.
3. Note the name of the mount point directory for each file system
that you identified.
In the following examples, /u01 is the mount point directory used
for the software and /u02 is the mount point directory used for
the Oracle datafile directory. You must specify the appropriate
mount point directories for the file systems on your system.
22 Oracle Database
To create the required directories and specify the correct owner, group,
and permissions for them, follow these steps:
1. Enter the following command to create subdirectories in the
mount point directory that you identified for the Oracle base
directory:
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
2. If you intend to use a second file system for the Oracle database
files, create an oradata subdirectory in the mount point directory
that you identified for the Oracle datafile directory (shown as
/u02 in the examples):
# mkdir /u02/oradata
3. Change the owner and group of the directories that you created to
the oracle user and the oinstall group:
# chown -R oracle
install /u01/app/oracle /u02/oradata
Note: In the following procedure, replace /u01 and /u02 with the
appropriate mount point directories that you identified in Step 3
previously.
Oracle Database 23
4. Change the permissions on the directories that you created to 775:
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle /u02/oradata
7 Configure Kernel Parameters
Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set
to values greater than or equal to the recommended value shown. The
procedure following the table describes how to verify and set the
values.
Parameter Value File
semmsl
semmns
semopm
semmni
250
32000
100
128
/proc/sys/kernel/sem
shmall 2097152 /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
shmmax Half the
size of
physical
memory
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
24 Oracle Database
To view the current value specified for these kernel parameters, and to
change them if necessary, follow these steps:
1. Enter commands similar to the following to view the current
values of the kernel parameters:
shmmni 4096 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
file-max 65536 /proc/sys/fs/file-max
ip_local_port_range 1024 65000 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_
port_range
Note: If the current value for any parameter is higher than the value
listed in this table, do not change the value of that parameter.
Note: Make a note of the current values and identify any values that you
must change.
Parameter Value File
Oracle Database 25
2. If the value of any kernel parameter is different to the
recommended value, complete the following steps:
a. Using any text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf
file and add or edit lines similar to the following:
Parameter Command
semmsl, semmns,
semopm, and
semmni
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem
This command displays the value of the semaphore
parameters in the order listed.
shmall, shmmax,
and shmmni
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm
file-max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max
ip_local_port_range # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_
range
This command displays a range of port numbers.
Note: Include lines only for the kernel parameter values that you want
to change. For the semaphore parameters (kernel.sem), you must
specify all four values. However, if any of the current values are larger
than the recommended value, specify the larger value.
26 Oracle Database
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
By specifying the values in the /etc/sysctl.conf file, they
persist when you reboot the system.
b. Enter the following command to change the current values of
the kernel parameters:
# /sbin/sysctl -p
Review the output from this command to verify that the
values are correct. If the values are incorrect, edit the
/etc/sysctl.conf file, then enter this command again.
c. On UnitedLinux only, enter the following command to cause
the system to read the /etc/sysctl.conf file when it
reboots:
# /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on
Oracle Database 27
Set Shell Limits for the oracle User
To improve the performance of the software on Linux systems, you
must increase the following shell limits for the oracle user:
To increase the shell limits:
1. Add the following lines to /etc/security/limits.conf file:
* soft nproc 2047
* hard nproc 16384
* soft nofile 1024
* hard nofile 65536
2. Add the following line to the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not
already exist:
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
Shell Limit Item in limits.conf Hard Limit
Maximum number of open file
descriptors
nofile 65536
Maximum number of processes
available to a single user
nproc 16384
28 Oracle Database
3. Depending on the oracle user's default shell, make the following
changes to the default shell start-up file:
■ For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell, add the following lines to
the /etc/profile file (or the /etc/profile.local file on
UnitedLinux systems):
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
■ For the C or tcsh shell, add the following lines to the
/etc/csh.login file (or the /etc/csh.login.local file on
UnitedLinux systems):
if ( $USER == "oracle" ) then
limit maxproc 16384
limit descriptors 65536
endif
Oracle Database 29
8 Mount the Product Disc
The Oracle Database 10g software is available on both CD-ROM and
DVD-ROM. These discs are in ISO 9660 format with Rockridge
extensions.
On most Linux systems, the product disc mounts automatically when
you insert it into the drive. To verify that the disc is mounted correctly,
follow these steps:
1. If necessary, enter a command similar to following to eject the
currently mounted disc, then remove it from the drive:
■ Red Hat:
# eject /mnt/cdrom
■ UnitedLinux:
# eject /media/cdrom
In this example, /mnt/cdrom or /media/cdrom is the mount point
directory for the CD-ROM drive, depending on your distribution.
2. Insert the disc into the CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive.
30 Oracle Database
3. To verify that the disc mounted automatically, enter a command
similar to the following:
■ Red Hat:
$ ls /mnt/cdrom
■ UnitedLinux:
$ ls /media/cdrom
4. If this command fails to display the contents of the disc, enter
commands similar to the following, depending on your
distribution:
■ Red Hat:
$ su - root
# mount /mnt/cdrom
■ UnitedLinux:
$ su - root
# mount /media/cdrom
Oracle Database 31
9 Log In as the oracle User and Configure the
oracle User’s Environment
You run the Installer from the oracle account. However, before you
start the Installer you must configure the environment of the oracle
user. To configure the environment, you must:
■ Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 in the shell
startup file.
■ Set the DISPLAY, ORACLE_BASE, and ORACLE_SID
environment variables.
To set the oracle user’s environment, follow these steps:
1. Start another terminal session.
2. Enter the following command to ensure that X Window
applications can display on this system:
$ xhost +
3. Complete one of the following steps:
■ If the terminal session is not connected to the system where
you want to install the software, log in to that system as the
oracle user.
32 Oracle Database
■ If the terminal session is connected to the system where you
want to install the software, switch user to oracle:
$ su - oracle
4. To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the
following command:
$ echo $SHELL
5. Open the oracle user’s shell startup file in any text editor:
■ Bash shell (bash) on Red Hat:
$ vi .bash_profile
■ Bourne shell (sh), Bash shell on UnitedLinux, or Korn shell
(ksh):
$ vi .profile
■ C shell (csh or tcsh):
% vi .login
Oracle Database 33
6. Enter or edit the following line in the shell startup file, specifying
a value of 022 for the default file creation mask:
umask 022
7. Save the file and exit from the editor.
8. To run the shell startup script, enter the following command:
■ Bash shell on Red Hat:
$ . ./.bash_profile
■ Bourne shell, Bash shell on UnitedLinux, or Korn shell:
$ . ./.profile
■ C shell:
% source ./.login
9. If you determined that the /tmp directory had insufficient free
disk space when checking the hardware requirements, enter the
following commands to set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment
variables. Specify a directory on a file system with sufficient free
disk space
