Since you're posting from a Windows machine, you may or may not be able to evaluate this stuff for yourself, unless you have a Linux machine to experiment with.
I suggest you track down the script(s) that are present on the machine, which get executed when a reboot or shutdown command is issued, and see what they do. The exact procedure will vary slightly depending on the Linux distro, but among other things, yes, filesystems can be un-mounted, swap space disabled, services stopped cleanly....
Is this homework?
Sasha
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