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will set the variable ( note that doing it on the command line last for that session only - as soon as you close the terminal or log out it is no longer in effect).
for a more permanent solution, you will have to enter it into either /home/<user>/.bashrc ( you may have to create this one, this one is for the current user only) or add the above line to /etc/profile ( for all users).
sorry, but I'm not sure I completely understand what you are asking? do you want to set an environmental variable from a c program ( just any variable) or set a certain variable from c?
I'm not sure what you mean ... if you're writing C code, just call setenv at the beginning of your program execution. If you need the environment variable set up in your shell at all times, then put it in your shell startup file (~/.bashrc and ~/.bash_profile if using bash).
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