partitions: space used/free and folders inside
 

In windows, I can click on My computer and see all my Windows partitions, how much space is used, how much space is left, and I click on the drive or partition and I see what folders are in it.

Now that I'm using linux instead of windows...
I linux, I can see all the folders, but how do I know what partition they are on? I know linux makes a few partitions when it is installed. Is there an easy way to see all partitions, the spaced used/not used, and the directories it contains???

mount
df -h
ls

Thank you!