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I am running Linux Mint 19.3 on an Asus Netbook. The speaker emits no sound, but there is sound in the headphones, and the alsamixer page shows that the file is being played.
I installed pavucontrol, and the speaker slider is also right up. I wonder if something is muting the speaker?
Perhaps you can gain some knowledge from my experience...
I've had the same issue ever since switching to Linux on June 10th; happens every time. So, I went to YouTube, and found out about the Alsa Mixer, and downloaded it. It's a lifesaver. In my case I know that the "default sound card" is producing my sound. So, what I did today, I double clicked on every icon, until I got to the default output one. Also, I have "HP/Speaker Auto Detect" checked.
in alsamixer, F6 shows one "default" and one HDA Intel sound card. This is the one selected - and which produces no sound. But alsamixer doesn't allow me to select the "default" option.
I checked and the speaker is not muted. So right now, I'm pretty much stuck where I was - in a Covid-hit soundlessness!
Further: there is sound in the headphones, so at some level the sound card is doing its job, and producing audio signals - but these are not getting transferred - or recognized - by the speaker.
another command line option to consider could be pactl. man pactl will show you the myriad options, but in your situation it seems like pactl info would help you see the default sink and source. pactl list sink (or source) can then show you the volumes associated with either. from there you would have options to set-sink-volume (or source - something along the line of pactl set-sink-volume 0 25%) or set-default-sink (or source) if you have an alternate you want to try.
if you want to try and use pactl to raise the volume, it would be helpful to know the present level to see if anything is off or set too low. your sound card is called a sink by pulseaudio. to check it's volume level you can run pactl list sinks | grep -i volume.
i'm no pulseaudio expert, but i read that as saying you can mute your audio with some piece of hardware. on my system i believe it is one of the f keys. your question did point me to a setting i missed. pactl list sinks | grep -i mute will check your mute setting. if you want to see all of the settings, you can just run pactl list sinks. it does spit out a lot of info though.
I have been advised that providing the output of some commands will enable knowledgeable people to get a clearer idea of what it is that ails my system. Here they are:
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