http://windowsphonetech.com/latest-n...ew-for-phones/
I think you are using an OTG cable??
This was suggested on one site. Not sure if you need it. I'll have to double check my phone later on Debian install. I have the latest WM10 developer on a nokia 6.
sudo apt-get install mtp-tools mtpfs Although you shouldn't really need it.
Not sure but MS was working on the USB connection. It may be that you have to set usb in windows control center of some bug going on.
However your issue doesn't seem to be exclusive to Windows phones as there are hundreds of complaints across the board on phones on this exact issue.
An OTG cable I doubt can be used. You have to use the data cable. However the OTG is reported to be working for WM10 on some phones.