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I know that the only difference is the size and start and end cylinders
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A partition is, physically, an area of the disk, which is defined by a starting point and an ending point.
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but would p5 be the same as p8?
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There's no "p8" in your code at all. Maybe you mean p4. In any case, no partitions are the same. That would make no sense.
If you meant p4 and p5, then they start at the same point because p4 is an extended partition.
When you use an MBR model, the partition table can only hold up to four partitions. Extended partitions were created to overcome this limitation. An extended partition is a partition that can hold additional partitions inside of it.
You have three primary partitions and one extended partition. This means that the only way for you to get additional partitions with an MBR based system is by creating logical drives inside the extended partition. Hence, p4 contains p5 and p6, as you can see clearly by looking at the numbers. p5 starts where p4 starts, and p6 ends where p4 ends.
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And is data on the lower cylinders portion of the disk the same as data on the higher cylinders of the disk. Hope this makes sense. Thanks.
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No idea what do you mean. Data at the beginning is at the beginning, and data at the end is at the end. Data in one cylinder can't be on another cylinder, since each point of the 3-dimensional space is supposed to be unique, unless there's some kind of n-dimensional worm hole inside your hard disk being n>=4. :P