Welcome to LQ. I would recommend trying a live distro on a USB stick first before committing to a full install, although I wouldn't anticipate any problems here. This is not that old (based on the following page)?
https://www.cnet.com/products/hp-110...z-4-gb-500-gb/

There are many different Linux distributions (distros). Some focus on stability; some focus on bleeding edge; many are somewhere in between. Each distro has its own update cycle. Consequently, there really in no "latest" in the sense that the term is used in your question.

A web search for "linux distros compared" will turn up a number of articles that should prove useful.

Yes, it is a very subjective question that requires further context in order to help evaluate candidate distro options, and even then the final choice(s) will be down to personal choice.

Linux doesn't run better if you remove Windows, but you may not have enough room on your disk to install Linux next to Windows. Besides, dual-booting may be a hassle, and if you want to repurpose the computer to run Linux, I don't see a reason to keep Windows.

What is the latest version that runs on your box? Your CPU is decent, and I would say any Linux version would run on it. You are not asking the right question, however. In addition to the system's specs (in particular RAM), the most important question is what you want to do with this computer? Video editing, music production, big data processing, office work, software development, ...?

I run the latest version of Xubuntu in a VBox-based virtual machine with 2 virtual CPUs and 4GB memory. I use it to play around with front-end and back-end web development. It performs flawlessly, though graphics updates are a bit on the slow side.

As another poster says, try the live drives of a few Linux versions, then decide. www.distrowatch.com can give you a first orientation what's out there.

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