With find you have the special {} variable which represents data returned from find. This data can be passed to another command called from find. Now with a pipe you can pipe input to another command but what happens with commands that need a value given like cp? For example, I can't use ls | cp newlocation since I don't have something to specify for the input (I know this is a useless command it's just a quick example). Is there a way like ls | cp {} newlocation?

Look at the xargs command. It allows you to use the output of one command as arguments of the other command. For commands like mv, you will need to use an argument such as -t/--target-directory, so that the destination can appear first on the command line.

The xargs command can also be used with the find command instead of -exec command '{}' \;
The advantage of doing this is because you can limit the size of the arguments handled at once. The argument list size can cause find to fail if used with -exec. The same is true for using wild cards to produce arguments to "for" if there are too many matching filenames.

In a related subject, some commands that normally take filenames can take input from a stream instead by using a hyphen as an argument. For example: man topic -t | kghostview -

To copy the output of a stream to a file, use "> filename" or ">> filename" depending on whether you want to create a new file or append to the end of a file.