My dear guys,
How are you ? hope you all are fine

As David Ross said in that thread on the LQ that it depends on the boot loader that I have it is grub all right
According to my friends guideline I rebooted the system and when boot loader appears I pressed the `e`key then I selected the line starting with the word kernel when line was highlighted I pressed `e` key again and typed `single`enter was pressed and when boot-loader appears again `b` was pressed now system boots but prompt
didnot appear but an other line appears saying that

(((((((( kernel panic: no init found. try passing init=option to kernel.)))))))
and more over caps lock and scroll lock start blinking at once and system is responding to any thing exept reset button.


So what was the thing that was not correct I need the help here ????


thanks and regard

Zarrar Tariq


==================================================================================================== ==================================================================================================== ==================================================================================================== =================
My friend David Ross`s guide line is as bellow


It depends on what bootloader you are using - you need to append " single" to your kernel arguments at boot - for grub:
1) Reboot your computer.
2) When the grub bootloader appears on the screen select the entry for your linux system - it may be the only one.
3) Press the "e" key to edit the entry.
4) Select the line beggining with "kernel".
5) Press the "e" key again
6) Type " single" no quotes
7) Press enter
8) Press "b" to boot
9) When the prompt appears type "passwd" press enter
10) Enter a new password when prompted
11) Reboot by typing "shutdown -r now"


Zarrar Tariq

1) Reboot the PC or power up as usual. Soon you see the graphical GRUB screen with the names of the operating systems you can boot.
2) Press a (just the letter "a"). GRUB prompts you for commands to add to it's default boot command.
3) Press the spacebar, type the following word, and then press Enter:
Single
This causes Linux to start up as usual, but run in a single user mode that does not require you to log in. After Linux starts, you see the following command-line prompt:
sh - 2.05b#
4) Use the passwd command to change the root passwd as follows:
sh - 2.05b# passwd
Changing password for user root.
New password: (type the new password)

Type the new root password that you want to use (it won't appear onscreen) If you correctly enter the password again, the passwd command changes the password and displays the following message:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated sucessfully

5) Now type exit or reboot to reboot the pc. After Linux restarts, it displays the familar login screen. Now you should be able to log in as root with the new password.

Know this point made before, but this surely the biggest concievable security hole imaginable - if that makes sense.

Yes, it does make a big hole but if the only desire is to log on and fix a lost password then this is the only way. Then when you reboot and sign in, sign in with the normal defaults (which should not be single!) then that should close the door. Thanks for mentioning it though. I forgot to address that issue. The procedure I gave you above is only to log in if you have lost your root password or it has become corrupted for some reason. This should not be the normal way to log in. It will open your box up to every 12 year old hacker in the world that has an internet connection.

My dear ScooterB sir,
How are you ? hope you are fine

I am Zarrar as you may know because you have sent the thread that was the guide line for me I did the
the same as you said in that mail. It was successfull I am in.

And it looks like this is == login:root
And the password:kalar143

And when I am in there is a command line which is like this bash -bash-2.05b#

After this what is the thing that I must do to bring the graphical face of linux`s desktop that
I am dieing to see unfortunately I have never seen the linux desktop


And some thing else I want you to know about me sir that you are senior in this linux thing and am
not happy with OS MS windows even I have 9 machines that are runing MS windows 98 ME 2000 and XP as well
it is my office where I do my job I am the one taking care of them all and I have 2 machines at my home
I am well aware of windows but I want to learn Linux some how so please I just need the little help and
you are seior one that is why I am calling you sir I need your help here
I want to be linux geek like you that later on I will be the one to guide the people like myself at the
very mement ..............

And please let me know you good name that I can call my Guru
I know that you have very bussy life but just a little time from your life can really make difference in my
life And if you want me to pay I will .......

But you should give me your Account number then I will send you the amount you want sir but I will be
only available on the net

Waiting for your kind reply My E-Mail is kalar75@hotmail.com


thanks and regard

Zarrar

You are quite welcome for any help I have given. That is what this forum is all about. The instructions I gave to you would allow you to enter in a new password for the root user only. You really can't access the GUI from this particular command line. In the windows world it amounts to starting in Safe mode in order to be able to fix something. You really can't do alot from there except fix what is broken. Since you now have a good root login name and password we can start from there. As before, reboot the computer. When the graphical GRUB screen appears, make sure that the proper kernel is highlighted and simply hit enter. You will be taken to a graphical log in screen where you will have to enter in the user name (in this case root) hit enter, and then you will have another screen to enter in the password and hit enter. After this you will be taken to the graphical interface (after everything starts) and there you are. Now, most importantly. Once you have signed in as root I would HIGHLY recommend adding another user (i.e. yourself) and then logging out as root and logging in as the new user. When you are logged in as root this opens the system up to many chances of problems. For one, if you stay logged in as root, walk away from the computer and somebody hacks in, they are now the root user and can do what they want. Everybody who runs linux has a root account so all they have to do is guess your password. If you have to make changes as root, then you can sign in as root, do what you have to and then sign out again. Now if you go through the above procedure to log in and the graphical screen does not start up, don't fret. When the install was done the installer had the choice to start up in command line or graphical interface. For the sake of memory usage, many choose command line. This can be fixed however to start up in graphical. The one gotcha may be that the desktops were not installed. You can check this by logging in as I told you in the first thread. When you get to the command line (sh - 2.05b#) type "cd root", hit enter. Then type "ls". This should give you a list of files and directories in the home folder for root. In this list you should see a file called install.log. To see the contents, type "more install.log | grep XFree86" and hit enter. This will enable you to see the contents of the file. You scroll down the listings by hitting the space bar. Look for some files that reflect XFree86 or Gnome. These are two of the desktops and most often used. Some like KDE though so you may look for that also. if you don't see anything that says Xfree86 then it probably wasn't installed. I don't know what the usage of these machines are but if the files are not installed and you want to install them; if it was me I would back up any data and do a fresh install. I think it can be very cumbersome to load these kind of files after the fact. If the files appear, then hit the Control and C keys. This will take you from the file. When you get back to the command line, type the following: "usr/X11R6/bin/XFree86 -configure" hit enter. The screen goes blank and XFree86 exists after displaying some messages. The last line of the message should say the following: "To test the server, run 'XFree86 -xf86config //XF86Config.new". If you see a blank screen with an X-shaped cursor, the configuration file is probably fine. Press Ctrl-Alt-Backspace to kill the X server. Copy the new XF86Config file to the /etc/X11 directory with the following command: "cp //XF86Xonfig.new /etc/X11/XF86Config" hit enter. That should provide a working X configuration file. Now you can reboot the PC by pressing Ctrl-Alt-Del or by typing reboot. Next time it starts, go through the procedure I gave you above for getting in to the graphical log in screen. That should do the trick. If not, try this and repost with results. Good luck!

My dear ScooterB

How are you sir ?
I am Zarrar as you know sir I am sending this to say thank you very much I really appreciate your advice through this Linux learning process.
I am out from the Jeddah city for a while tomorrow
I am going back then I will follow all the steps as you said. This mail is just to express my gratitude to you sir.
I just want to ask Scooter is the name you want me to call you? If it is OK with you I am glade to call you
Scooter.

As I said thank you again ………………

Best wishes and regards

Zarrar