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Command Flag or Option or Switch
Command flags are typed at the prompt as part of a command. An example would be:
ls -l
in which case the flag -l (minus ell, not one) gives a longer set of information. Flags alter the default behavior of commands. For example, the command ls, by default, just lists the names of files. With the -l flag, it gives you more information about each file (or directory).
Flags normally start with a minus sign (-) and consist of a single letter, like l (i.e., ell) or a whole word, as in -debug. For commands that take only single letter flags, more than one flags can often, but not always, be combined. For example, -l and -F could be typed as -l<SPACE>-F or -lF. In some cases, flags will start with a plus sign (+) instead. It is more typically for flags with pluses to be part of a pair of flags, e.g., -a to turn some feature on and +a to turn it off.
Because some flags turn features on/off, flags are sometimes called switches. In addition, they may be called options.
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