Hardware Configuration
 

I have an HP 3.0 GHz 2 GB RAM with a primary 40 GB Windows OS and secondary 500 GB Linux drives. Both are SATA drives. The 40 GB Windows OS has gotten too small and I'm trying to replace it with a 1 TB internal drive. I disconnected the secondary 500 GB Linux drive and install the 1 TB drive. When I boot the system, I receive a GRUB 1.5 error 5 messages. The GRUB manual indicates to Ctrl-Alt-del to continue the boot process. The system loops back to the GRUB 1.5 error 5 messages repeatedly. I don't have a Windows 7 OS backup media. I need help for the system to boot with the primary 40 GB Windows OS drive and with the 1 TB drive in the secondary position. I have successfully installed the Acronis True Image software onto the Windows OS drive.

This is due to the fact that you installed linux after windows with both drives connected. Your MBR is in sda while your bootloader is in sdb.
You have a few options though
1. You can just clone the first drive using clonezilla-live, then after system is cloned reattach the 500G linux drive & it will boot.
2. you can fix MBR in sda, which will have your linux system unbootable & then repair grub putting it on sdb.
There are a few more options but #1 is what I would do.