Well, let me just say that drivers are handled quite differently than in Windows.
Here's a good basic tutorial. But basically, there's a few commands and google that help me out. You can use
lspci and
lshw to list what hardware is installed on your machine. You can use
lsmod to list what modules (drivers) have been loaded (i.e. currently being used). Then I typically use google to figure out which hardware belongs with which module.
Sometimes
dmesg | more can help you figure out which drivers are being loaded for which hardware as well.