Ah, if echo $PATH gives you a blank line, then apparently you have *nothing* in your path
One easy way to add stuff to your path is to include them in your ~/.profile (or .bash_profile, or maybe something else depending on your shell), like so:
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
export PATH
Also, I believe you can add stuff to /etc/profile which will apply to all users (I'm not too sure how all this works, maybe someone else can clarify)