Cannot run basic commands unless Im logged on as root
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Commands that change the state of the machine (e.g. powering it off) are typiucally restricted to root. Commands liks listing files/directories, creating text files in your home directory, etc. should work fine.
thats probably because these command are not in you $PATH
try
/sbin/shutdown
you will probably have to use the absolute path for these sorts of things.
You can however change you /etc/profile and add and export command with the directories you want to add to you path, or you can add it to your .bashrc file I think.
You can create a group and name it something like shutdown. Add any users you want to use those commands to that group and then change the group ownership on those commands.
This may or may not be of any help, but here it is anyway:
I have a Mandrake 10 system, and I can enter the following commands, as a normal unpriviledged user, and it gets the desired result:
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