fwiw: I don't have experience with installing amd drivers so just guessing. Perhaps you've already thought of all of this.
It sounds like you just need to get onto your system. Two ways come to mind.
1. Reboot and hit esc or f2 or some such right away before booting really takes place to get into the boot menu to choose recovery mode.
2. Use a thumb drive with an os on it to boot into the machine.
Then I would try removing the catalyst drivers and start over.
The driver download page says the driver works on ubuntu 14.04.2.
You state that you are running 14.04. Perhaps you need to ensure that you have 14.04.2
Ubuntu has another way to install proprietary drivers you might try:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/AMD
I also wonder if your driver has a screen resolution wrong or something so when you hit ctr-alt-f1 the login prompt is above the visible portion of the screen.