rsync -av masterfolder backupfolder

backup2l

#!/bin/bash
# Author: Brice Burgess - bhb@iceburg.net
# multi_backup.sh -- backup to a local drive using rsync. 
#         Uses hard-link rotation to keep multiple backups.

# changed cp -al to rsync --link-dest (brl 12ja2010)

# Make sure only root can run our script 
# check internal effective user ID number
# re http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/shell-root-user-check-script.html
if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
   echo "This script must be run as root" 1>&2
   exit 1
fi

# Directories to backup. Seperate with a space. Exclude trailing slash!
SOURCES="/home/user/Documents"

# Directory to backup to. This is where your backup(s) will be stored. No spaces in names!
# :: NOTICE :: -> Make sure this directory is empty or contains ONLY backups created by
#  this script and NOTHING else. Exclude trailing slash!
TARGET="/media/user/backup/snapshots"

# Set the number of backups to keep (greater than 1). Ensure you have adaquate space.
ROTATIONS=8

# Your EXCLUDE_FILE tells rsync what NOT to backup. Leave it unchanged if you want
# to backup all files in your SOURCES. If performing a FULL SYSTEM BACKUP, ie.
# Your SOURCES is set to "/", you will need to make use of EXCLUDE_FILE.
# The file should contain directories and filenames, one per line.
# A good example would be:
# /proc
# /tmp
# *.SOME_KIND_OF_FILE
EXCLUDE_FILE="rsync-excludes.list"

# Comment out the following line to disable verbose output
# VERBOSE="-v"

#######################################
########DO_NOT_EDIT_BELOW_THIS_POINT#########
#######################################

# Set name (date) of backup. 
BACKUP_DATE="`date +%F_%H-%M`"
# echo "backup datestamp $BACKUP_DATE"

if [ ! -x $TARGET ]; then
  echo "Backup target does not exist or you don't have permission!"
  echo "Exiting..."
  exit 2
fi

if [ ! $ROTATIONS -gt 1 ]; then
  echo "You must set ROTATIONS to a number greater than 1!"
  echo "Exiting..."
  exit 2
fi

# find oldest and newest backup directories

BACKUP_NUMBER=1
NEWEST_BACKUP="/not/found"
OLDEST_BACKUP="/not/found"
for backup in `ls -dXr $TARGET/*/`; do
  if [ $BACKUP_NUMBER -eq 1 ]; then
   # echo "newest backup found $backup"
    NEWEST_BACKUP="$backup"
  fi

  if [ $BACKUP_NUMBER -eq $ROTATIONS ]; then
   # echo "oldest backup found $backup"
    OLDEST_BACKUP="$backup"
    # break	leave remains alone
  fi

  let "BACKUP_NUMBER+=1"
done

# create backup destination directory folder 
   mkdir $TARGET/$BACKUP_DATE

if [ ! -d $TARGET/$BACKUP_DATE ]; then
  echo "Backup destination not available. Make sure you have write permission in $TARGET!"
  echo "Exiting..."
  exit 2
fi 

echo "Verifying Sources..." 
for source in $SOURCES; do
  if [ ! -x $source ]; then
     echo "Error with $source!"
     echo "Directory either does not exist, or you do not have proper permissions."
     exit 2
   fi
done

if [ -f $EXCLUDE_FILE ]; then
  echo "using exclude file $EXCLUDE_FILE"
  EXCLUDE="--exclude-from=$EXCLUDE_FILE"
fi

for source in $SOURCES; do

  PREVIOUS=$NEWEST_BACKUP$source
  DEST=$TARGET/$BACKUP_DATE/$source

  if [ ! -d $DEST ]; then
    mkdir -p $DEST
  fi

  if [ -d $PREVIOUS ]; then
    echo "snapshot $source link $PREVIOUS to $DEST"
    rsync $VERBOSE --exclude=$TARGET/ $EXCLUDE -a --delete --link-dest=$PREVIOUS $source/ $DEST
  else
    echo "backup $source to $DEST"
    rsync $VERBOSE --exclude=$TARGET/ $EXCLUDE -a --delete $source/ $DEST
  fi

done

echo "deleting backups beyond rotations"

BACKUP_NUMBER=1
for backup in `ls -dXr $TARGET/*/`; do

  if [ $BACKUP_NUMBER -gt $ROTATIONS ]; then
    echo "removing $backup"
    rm -rf $backup
  fi

  let "BACKUP_NUMBER+=1"
done

exit 0

# du -sh backup_20170221
6.6G    backup_20170221
#
# du -sh backup_20170222
6.6G    backup_20170222
#
# du -sh backup_20170221 backup_20170222
6.6G    backup_20170221
1.1M    backup_20170222