You can set up a network share for Linux distributions that support network boots.
You can PXE boot as well, which is probably the best choice for mass deployment. All you would need in addition to the PXE boot server is a ftp or http mirror of the operating system you choose. Some distributions, like Slackware Linux, provide the whole distribution on live bootable DVDs with the ability to work as a PXE boot server.
I realize that Slackware may not be your first choice. I am using it as an example of what can be done. Here is some on documentation PXE booting with Slackware.
http://docs.slackware.com/slackwarexe_install