AOL does play with linux, I have used it with linux for over a year.
Firstly, What router are you using?
If it's the blue frog thing that comes free with AOL, bin it, they're rubbish, and basically win-modems. Get a good, now very cheap, ADSL router that connects via your network card, it's much easier, and well worth the money and usually come with a built in hardware firewall thrown in for free too!
The main thing that may be stopping you is your MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) It should be MTU 1400.
Start up a terminal, type in
ifconfig
have a read through what comes up under eth0, you may see MTU 1500 or something, sometimes higher.
If you do, you need to type;
ifconfig mtu 1400
this will "temporarily" change your mtu to 1400, try connecting to the internet.
If it doesn't work we then need to check your router's MTU is set at 1400 too, you should be able to use your browser to access your routers settings, within there will be your MTU which if you are logged in as an administrator you should be able to change and then save and restart your router and try and connect.
If none of this works, or makes no sense, post back with your usb device, and router make and model.
Good luck
