the history of smartphones... interesting.
it seems to start
here with Nokia and HP.
operating systems: i'm pretty sure apple had theirs before android. you also definitely need to take a look at
symbian os which was the default in Nokia smartphones up to about 2011 (i still have one here, though not connected to the internet). i always thought it was closer to linux, but there seems to be some confusion in my mind with meego (just have a closer look at the wikipedia article).
android only came as late as 2008!