Hi,
for example the module which controls the CPU-frequency is powernow_k8. You can check the loaded modules with lsmod, if you pipe the output of lsmod to sort you'll have an alphabetically sorted list of the loaded modules.
Create this list for Debian and Ubuntu and then compare them, maybe you find out what your Debiansystem is missing.
You may as well compare the kernelconfigurations.
Find out which applications for powermanagement Ubuntu has installed, look at the configuration and then check your Debian.
Markus