Fedora (and any other distro) should work just fine on S-ATA disks. However I suggest you use reiserfs or ext3 as your file system for the Linux partition.
I found out that to get audio working, you need to add the following line to /etc/modprobe.d/sound
Code:
options snd-hda-intel model=laptop-eapd
That laptop of yours should have a Broadcom wi-fi device, which has its own drivers. If those drivers wont work, you can try ndiswrapper.
I'm not exactly sure why your computer wont boot on the Fedora disk but the downloaded ISO might be broken. Check the sha1sum.
More info about laptops running Linux can be found at
TuxMobil and
Linux on Laptops.