I applaud your fortitude, but I fear you are about to fall off a cliff.
I'm not surprised you couldn't find much to ease your confusion. Patching a "vanilla" kernel is straightforward and well documented. Ubuntu heavily modify the environment, and this accordingly makes your task significantly harder.
As the thread you pointed to states, the instructions on ubutuforums is merely to be read as general and adapted appropriately. I doubt you can make this judgement.
Try looking at
this for Ubuntu kernel updating background. As for "what is a driver module ?" ... mmmmm, let me see what I can find online (after I walk the dog
).
The good news is, even if you royally cock it up, you should still be able to boot your old/current kernel, so it
will be educational.