There is lots of information that can be found by googling on how a parallel port works.
If you look at a description of the original PC parallel port there are 17 I/O lines that are accessed/controlled via three 8 bit ports. The arrows show if they are inputs or outputs referenced to the computer. The second link shows the signal timing and basically how communications works.
Base port - Data bits 0-7
Status port - Input pins i.e. signals coming from the printer like paper out and printer busy
Control port - output pins i.e. strobe, autofeed.
http://www.lammertbies.nl/comm/cable/parallel.html
http://www.interfacebus.com/Design_C...l_PC_Port.html